Topic
Stress field
About: Stress field is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11926 publications have been published within this topic receiving 226417 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the growth of interacting surface cracks was simulated by using the S-version finite element method, in which a local detailed finite element mesh (local model) is superposed on a coarse finite element model (global model) representing the global structure.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple, approximate formula for mean wind stress is given in terms of the mean and variance of the wind fluctuations over the averaging period, which is nonlinear with respect to the mean wind speed.
Abstract: A simple, approximate formula for mean wind stress is given in terms of the mean and variance of the wind fluctuations over the averaging period. The formula is nonlinear with respect to the mean wind speed. The formula is tested using 3 h wind observations from eight North Atlantic Ocean Weather Ships. Mean wind stress is calculated 1) by vector averaging the 3 h wind stresses and 2) by applying the approximate formula. For an averaging period of 4 months the two methods agree to within ±0.025 Pa, 95% of the time. For an averaging period of 1 month the approximate formula slightly overestimates the stress. This is due to skewness in the probability density function of the observed 3 h wind fluctuations. An expression for the modification of the mean stress due to skewness is given. A straightforward method is described for the estimation of vector mean wind and variance fields, and thus mean stress fields, over the open ocean. To cheek the method, the long-term stress field of the North Atlantic...
59 citations
TL;DR: This paper showed that separate regions with the same net extension direction are not necessarily characterized by the same regional stress field, and fault systems exhibiting partitioning where one of the faults is near vertical generally do not require temporal changes in the stress field to explain the disparate slip vectors on adjacent faults.
Abstract: When viewed with stress transformation laws and an idealized physical model, observations of oblique slip and slip partitioning in the Basin and Range (western United States) are interpreted to show that (1) separate regions with the same net extension direction are not necessarily characterized by the same regional stress field, (2) fault systems exhibiting partitioning where one of the faults is near vertical generally do not require temporal changes in the stress field to explain the disparate slip vectors on the adjacent faults, and (3) the relative strengths of active fault zones may vary by more than an order of magnitude.
59 citations
TL;DR: A criterion for determining whether a crack extends along the bedding plane was developed by distinguishing the differences in the strengths of the shale bedding and the matrix, indicating that the crack tip stress field of anisotropic shale is not only determined by the stress intensity factor but also related to the elastic constants and beding plane inclination angle.
Abstract: The existence of bedding planes in natural shale formations makes the fracture characterization remarkably complicated. To achieve a further understanding of the anisotropic crack extension behaviors of shale using a linear elastic fracture mechanics approach, four groups of three-point bending tests on Longmaxi shale from southeast Chongqing were conducted in this study with different bedding plane inclination angles. The fracture propagation paths were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that cracks initiated along the bedding plane when the bedding plane inclination angle (i.e., the angle between the loading direction and the normal direction of the bedding plane) was relatively large; in contrast, cracks penetrated into the matrix and induced higher fracture toughness in cases with lower bedding plane inclination angle. Brittle fractures occurred in the tested shale, and the fracture strength was strongly dependent on the bedding plane inclination angle. Meanwhile, the stress field around the crack tip was analyzed theoretically. The results indicated that the crack tip stress field of anisotropic shale is not only determined by the stress intensity factor but also related to the elastic constants and bedding plane inclination angle. Furthermore, a criterion for determining whether a crack extends along the bedding plane was developed by distinguishing the differences in the strengths of the shale bedding and the matrix.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional theory and a finite element model for the stress analysis of laminated curved beams are presented, which accounts for moderately large rotations, moderately large shear strains and a different elastic behaviour of the material in tension and in compression.
59 citations