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Stress field
About: Stress field is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11926 publications have been published within this topic receiving 226417 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a model is presented to rationalize the state of stress near a geometrically complex major strike-slip fault, and it is suggested that the creation of residual stresses caused by slip on a wiggle San Andreas fault is the dominating process there.
Abstract: A model is presented to rationalize the state of stress near a geometrically complex major strike-slip fault. Slip on such a fault creates residual stresses that, with the occurrence of several slip events, can dominate the stress field near the fault. The model is applied to the San Andreas fault near Cajon Pass. The results are consistent with the geological features, seismicity, the existence of left-lateral stress on the Cleghorn fault, and the in situ stress orientation in the scientific well, found to be sinistral when resolved on a plane parallel to the San Andreas fault. It is suggested that the creation of residual stresses caused by slip on a wiggle San Andreas fault is the dominating process there.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical model of the stress field caused by sliding microindentation of brittle materials is developed, where the complete stress field is treated as the superposition of applied normal and tangential forces with a sliding blister approximation of the localized inelastic deformation occurring just underneath the indenter.
113 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that, as expected, dispersion curves change anisotropically for most stresses, modes, and frequencies, and Interestingly, for some mode-frequency combinations, changes in phase velocity are isotropic even for a biaxial stress field.
Abstract: Acoustoelasticity, or the change in elastic wave speeds with stress, is a well-studied phenomenon for bulk waves. The effect of stress on Lamb waves is not as well understood, although it is clear that anisotropic stresses will produce anisotropy in the Lamb wave dispersion curves. Here the theory of acoustoelastic Lamb wave propagation is developed for isotropic media subjected to a biaxial, homogeneous stress field. It is shown that, as expected, dispersion curves change anisotropically for most stresses, modes, and frequencies. Interestingly, for some mode-frequency combinations, changes in phase velocity are isotropic even for a biaxial stress field. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results for several Lamb wave modes and frequencies for uniaxial loads applied to an aluminum plate, and the agreement is reasonably good.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element code is used to simulate viscoelastic flow in the mantle and elastic plate flexural behavior of the Tharsis volcano on Mars, and the authors calculate stresses and displacements due to a volcano-shaped load emplaced on an elastic plate.
Abstract: The formation of a large volcano loads the underlying lithospheric plate and can lead to lithospheric flexure and faulting. In turn, lithospheric stresses affect the stress field beneath and within the volcanic edifice and can influence magma transport. Modeling the interaction of these processes is crucial to an understanding of the history of eruption characteristics and tectonic deformation of large volcanoes. We develop models of time-dependent stress and deformation of the Tharsis volcanoes on Mars. A finite element code is used that simulates viscoelastic flow in the mantle and elastic plate flexural behavior. We calculate stresses and displacements due to a volcano-shaped load emplaced on an elastic plate. Models variously incorporate growth of the volcanic load with time and a detachment between volcano and lithosphere. The models illustrate the manner in which time-dependent stresses induced by lithospheric plate flexure beneath the volcanic load may affect eruption histories, and the derived stress fields can be related to tectonic features on and surrounding martian volcanoes.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the evolution of dynamic rupture in numerical models of a fault subjected to heterogeneous stress fields with varying statistical properties and found that the nucleation zone of the simulated earthquake ruptures in general has a complex shape, but its average size is determined only by the material parameters and the friction law.
Abstract: One of the challenging tasks in predicting near-source ground motion for future earthquakes is to anticipate the spatiotemporal evolution of the rupture process. The final size of an event but also its temporal properties (propagation velocity, slip velocity) depend on the distribution of shear stress on the fault plane. Though these incipient stresses are not known for future earthquakes, they might be sufficiently well characterized in a stochastic sense. We examine the evolution of dynamic rupture in numerical models of a fault subjected to heterogeneous stress fields with varying statistical properties. By exploring the parameter space of the stochastic stress characterization for a large number of random realizations we relate generalized properties of the resulting events to the stochastic stress parameters. The nucleation zone of the simulated earthquake ruptures in general has a complex shape, but its average size is found to be independent of the stress field parameterization and is determined only by the material parameters and the friction law. Furthermore, we observe a sharp transition in event size from small to system-wide events, governed mainly by the standard deviation of the stress field. A simplified model based on fracture mechanics is able to explain this transition. Finally, we find that the macroscopic rupture parameters ( e. g., moment, moment rate, seismic energy) of our catalog of model quakes are generally consistent with observational data.
112 citations