Topic
Stress relaxation
About: Stress relaxation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12959 publications have been published within this topic receiving 270815 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the Mullins effect, hysteresis and cyclic softening can be modeled by dissipative friction phenomena due to internal sliding of the macromolecular chains and to sliding of connecting chains on the reinforcing filler particles.
199 citations
TL;DR: No changes in the D-spacing or angular orientation of collagen occurred during the time course of either stress-relaxation or creep in both tissues, indicating that collagen fibre reorientation is not a primary source of their viscoelastic properties.
Abstract: Collagen fibres form cross-helical, cross-ply or quasi-random feltworks in extensible connective tissues; strain-induced reorientation of these networks gives rise to the non-linear mechanical properties of connective tissue at finite strains. Such tissues are also generally viscoelastic (i.e. display time-dependent properties). The hypothesis that time-dependent reorientation of collagen fibres is responsible for the viscoelasticity of such tissues is examined here using time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements during stress-relaxation and creep transients applied to rat skin and bovine intramuscular connective tissue. Differences in the intensity and angular orientation of the third and fifth orders of the 67 nm meridional D-spacing of collagen molecules were shown before and after the application of loads or displacements. However, no changes in the D-spacing or angular orientation of collagen occurred during the time course of either stress-relaxation or creep in both tissues. This indicates that collagen fibre reorientation is not a primary source of their viscoelastic properties. The non-linear (strain-dependent) nature of the stress-relaxation response in these tissues suggests that relaxation processes within the collagen fibres or at the fibre-matrix interface may be responsible for their viscoelastic nature.
198 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a constitutive model of finite strain viscoelasticity based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor into elastic and inelastic parts is proposed.
198 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply dislocation theory to the superposition of thermal-activation kinetics and phonondrag control, and show that at very high strain rates, the glide kinetics should be entirely controlled by drag under the applied stress, without any significant contribution from the obstacle strength.
196 citations
15 Jan 2002-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: Impression creep and impression fatigue, both using cylindrical indenters, are reviewed in this paper, and a steady state per cycle is shown and the power law dependence of maximum stress is presented.
Abstract: Impression creep and impression fatigue, both using cylindrical indenters, are reviewed in this paper. For impression creep, analytical solutions and computer simulations for different situations are presented. Materials tested include metals and alloys, superplastic materials, weldments, glasses, ceramics and polymers. Viscosity measurements using indentation techniques and impression creep of thin films are discussed also. For impression fatigue, a steady state per cycle is shown and the power law dependence of maximum stress is presented. Underloading and overloading effects, as well as delayed retardation, are described. Other localized tests, such as nanoindentation, stress relaxation, impression recovery and the adhesion energy determined by impression testing, are briefly discussed also.
195 citations