Topic
Stress relaxation
About: Stress relaxation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12959 publications have been published within this topic receiving 270815 citations.
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TL;DR: A general survey of plastic deformation can be found in this article, where Orowan and Bailey-Orowan equations are used to define deformation mechanism maps for pure metals.
Abstract: 1. Deformation and Creep. Deformation. Definition of creep. Time dependence of creep strain. Creep Curve. Mechanisms of plastic deformation: A general survey. Mechanical equation of state. Creep test compared with tensile test at constant strain rate and constant loading rate. Creep tests at constant load and constant stress. 2. Motion of Dislocations. Dynamic Recovery. Motion of dislocations. Free, mobile and moving dislocations. Dynamic recovery. 3. Temperature Dependence of Creep Rate. Activation energy of creep. Methods of determination of activation energy of creep. Correction of experimentally determined activation energy of creep for temperature dependence of elastic modulus. Activation energy or creep and activation enthalpy of diffusion. 4. Applied Stress Dependence of Creep Rate. Initial creep rate. Steady-state creep. Transient creep. 5. Influence of Grain Size and Stacking Fault Energy. Grain size. Stacking fault energy. 6. Orowan and Bailey-Orowan Equations. Orowan equation. Bailey-Orowan equation. Relation between Orowan equation and Bailey-Orowan equations. A consequence of the equivalence of Orowan and Bailey-Orowan equations. Experimental verification of Bailey-Orowan equation. Experimental determination of quantities r and h. Incubation period and ``Frictional'' stress. 7. Back Stress. Internal, threshold and frictional stress. Internal and effective stress. Concept of internal and effective stress and the mechanical equation of state. Definitions of experimental parameters. Interpretation of experimental parameters. 8. Dislocation Structure. Development of dislocation structure during creep. Basic quantitative characteristics of dislocation structure. Subgrain structure. Subgrain structure and long-range internal stress. Behaviour of sub-boundaries. Interaction of dislocations with sub-boundaries. Generation of dislocations. Structural steady state. Concept of hard and soft regions and measured internal stress. 9. Dislocation Creep in Pure Metals. Creep controlled by recovery. Creep controlled by dislocation glide. Models based on thermally activated glide and diffusion controlled recovery. Relation between constants A and n in the dorn creep equation and the natural third power law. Harper-Dorn creep. 10. Creep in Solid Solution Alloys. Introduction. Mechanisms of creep strengthening in solid solutions. Creep controlled by viscous dislocation glide. 11. Creep in Precipitation and Dispersion Strengthened Alloys. Models of Ansell and Weertman. Back stress concept. 12. Diffusional Creep. Nabarro-Herring and Coble creep. Subgrain boundaries as sources and sinks for vacancies. Diffusional creep and grain boundary sliding. Reactions on grain boundaries. Diffusional caritational creep. 13. Deformation Mechanism Maps. Equations used for construction of deformation mechanism maps. Examples of deformation mechanism maps. ``Generalized'' deformation mechanism map for pure metals. 14. Grain Boundary Sliding.
499 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the relaxation of an initially coherent metastable strained layer is developed, which is applied to relief of mismatch strain in the SiGe/Si(100) system, and good agreement with experimental data is found.
Abstract: An outstanding puzzle concerning strained‐layer semiconductors is that metastable structures can be grown in which exact coherence with the lattice is apparently conserved in layers much thicker than the equilibrium critical thickness. Using standard descriptions of dislocation dynamics and relaxation via plastic flow, a model for the relaxation of an initially coherent metastable strained layer is developed. This model is applied to relief of mismatch strain in the SiGe/Si(100) system, and good agreement with experimental data is found. Furthermore, the combined effect of relaxation kinetics and finite instrumental resolution on the observed critical thickness was calculated. The results successfully reproduce experimental data on metastable critical thickness in the SiGe/Si(100) system.
492 citations
TL;DR: A mathematical solution has been obtained for the indentation creep and stress-relaxation behavior of articular cartilage where the tissue is modeled as a layer of linear KLM biphasic material of thickness h bonded to an impervious, rigid bony substrate.
490 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an expression for the steady-state creep rate of crystals is derived for the case where dislocation climb is not rate controlling, and two rate-controlling processes are considered.
Abstract: An expression for the steady‐state creep rate of crystals is derived for the case where dislocation climb is not rate controlling. Two rate‐controlling processes are considered. In the first the dislocations are considered to move in a viscous manner, their velocity of motion being proportional to the force exerted on them. The second mechanism makes use of the Peierls stress. The Peierls stress mechanism can be used to explain the results of Gilman on creep by prismatic glide in high‐purity zinc. At low stresses the analysis for both processes leads to a power law stress dependence for the creep rate. The value of the exponent of the stress is approximately equal to three.
476 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study provide some of the most direct evidence to date that interstitial fluid pressurization plays a fundamental role in cartilage mechanics; they also indicate that the mechanism of fluid load support in Cartilage can be properly predicted from theory.
456 citations