strictfp

About: strictfp is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3364 publications have been published within this topic receiving 85560 citations.

The Java Language Specification

Abstract: From the Publisher: Written by the inventors of the technology, The Java(tm) Language Specification, Second Edition is the definitive technical reference for the Java(tm) programming language If you want to know the precise meaning of the language's constructs, this is the source for you The book provides complete, accurate, and detailed coverage of the syntax and semantics of the Java programming language It describes all aspects of the language, including the semantics of all types, statements, and expressions, as well as threads and binary compatibility

The Java Virtual Machine Specification

Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction. A Bit of History. The Java Virtual Machine. Summary of Chapters. Notation. 2. Java Programming Language Concepts. Unicode. Identifiers. Literals. Types and Values. Primitive Types and Values. Operators on Integral Values. Floating-Point Types, Value Sets, and Values. Operators on Floating-Point Values. Operators on boolean Values. Reference Types, Objects, and Reference Values. The Class Object. The Class String. Operators on Objects. Variables. Initial Values of Variables. Variables Have Types, Objects Have Classes. Conversions and Promotions. Identity Conversions. Widening Primitive Conversions. Narrowing Primitive Conversions. Widening Reference Conversions. Narrowing Reference Conversions. Value Set Conversion. Assignment Conversion. Method Invocation Conversion. Casting Conversion. Numeric Promotion. Names and Packages. Names. Packages. Members. Package Members. The Members of a Class Type. The Members of an Interface Type. The Members of an Array Type. Qualified Names and Access Control. Fully Qualified Names. Classes. Class Names. Class Modifiers. Superclasses and Subclasses. The Class Members. Fields. Field Modifiers. Initialization of Fields. Methods. Formal Parameters. Method Signature. Method Modifiers. Static Initializers. Constructors. Constructor Modifiers. Interfaces. Interface Modifiers. Superinterfaces. Interface Members. Interface (Constant) Fields. Interface (Abstract) Methods. Overriding, Inheritance, and Overloading in Interfaces. Nested Classes and Interfaces. Arrays. Array Types. Array Variables. Array Creation. Array Access. Exceptions. The Causes of Exceptions. Handling an Exception. The Exception Hierarchy. The Classes Exception and RuntimeException. Execution. Virtual Machine Start-up. Loading. Linking: Verification, Preparation, and Resolution. Initialization. Detailed Initialization Procedure. Creation of New Class Instances. Finalization of Class Instances. Unloading of Classes and Interfaces. Virtual Machine Exit. FP-strict Expressions. Threads. 3. The Structure of the Java Virtual Machine. The class File Format. Data Types. Primitive Types and Values. Integral Types and Values. Floating-Point Types, Value Sets, and Values. The returnAddress Type and Values. The boolean Type. Reference Types and Values. Runtime Data Areas. The pc Register. Java Virtual Machine Stacks. Heap. Method Area. Runtime Constant Pool. Native Method Stacks. Frames. Local Variables. Operand Stacks. Dynamic Linking. Normal Method Invocation Completion. Abrupt Method Invocation Completion. Additional Information. Representation of Objects. Floating-Point Arithmetic. Java Virtual Machine Floating-Point Arithmetic and IEEE 754. Floating-Point Modes. Value Set Conversion. Specially Named Initialization Methods. Exceptions. Instruction Set Summary. Types and the Java Virtual Machine. Load and Store Instructions. Arithmetic Instructions. Type Conversion Instructions. Object Creation and Manipulation. Operand Stack Management Instructions. Control Transfer Instructions. Method Invocation and Return Instructions. Throwing Exceptions. Implementing finally. Synchronization. Class Libraries. Public Design, Private Implementation. 4. The class File Format. The ClassFile Structure. The Internal Form of Fully Qualified Class and Interface Names. Descriptors. Grammar Notation. Field Descriptors. Method Descriptors. The Constant Pool. The CONSTANT_Class_info Structure. The CONSTANT_Fieldref_info, CONSTANT_Methodref_info, and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info Structures. The CONSTANT_String_info Structure. The CONSTANT_Integer_info and CONSTANT_Float_info Structures. The CONSTANT_Long_info and CONSTANT_Double_info Structures. The CONSTANT_NameAndType_info Structure. The CONSTANT_Utf8_info Structure. Fields. Methods. Attributes. Defining and Naming New Attributes. The ConstantValue Attribute. The Code Attribute. The Exceptions Attribute. The InnerClasses Attribute. The Synthetic Attribute. The SourceFile Attribute. The LineNumberTable Attribute. The LocalVariableTable Attribute. The Deprecated Attribute. Constraints on Java Virtual Machine Code. Static Constraints. Structural Constraints. Verification of class Files. The Verification Process. The Bytecode Verifier. Values of Types long and double. Instance Initialization Methods and Newly Created Objects. Exception Handlers. Exceptions and finally. Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine. 5. Loading, Linking, and Initializing. The Runtime Constant Pool. Virtual Machine Start-up. Creation and Loading. Loading Using the Bootstrap Class Loader. Loading Using a User-defined Class Loader. Creating Array Classes. Loading Constraints. Deriving a Class from a class File Representation. Linking. Verification. Preparation. Resolution. Access Control. Initialization. Binding Native Method Implementations. 6. The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set. Assumptions: The Meaning of "Must." Reserved Opcodes. Virtual Machine Errors. Format of Instruction Descriptions. 7. Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine. Format of Examples. Use of Constants, Local Variables, and Control Constructs. Arithmetic. Accessing the Runtime Constant Pool. More Control Examples. Receiving Arguments. Invoking Methods. Working with Class Instances. Arrays. Compiling Switches. Operations on the Operand Stack. Throwing and Handling Exceptions. Compiling finally. Synchronization. Compiling Nested Classes and Interfaces. 8. Threads and Locks. Terminology and Framework. Execution Order and Consistency. Rules About Variables. Nonatomic Treatment of double and long Variables. Rules About Locks. Rules About the Interaction of Locks and Variables. Rules for volatile Variables. Prescient Store Operations. Discussion. Example: Possible Swap. Example: Out-of-Order Writes. Threads. Locks and Synchronization. Wait Sets and Notification. 9. Opcode Mnemonics by Opcode. Appendix: Summary of Clarifications and Amendments. Index. 0201432943T04062001

Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture

Abstract: Preface. Who This Book Is For. Acknowledgements. Colophon. Introduction. Architecture. Enterprise Applications. Kinds of Enterprise Application. Thinking About Performance. Patterns. The Structure of the Patterns. Limitations of These Patterns. I. THE NARRATIVES. 1. Layering. The Evolution of Layers in Enterprise Applications. The Three Principal Layers. Choosing Where to Run Your Layers. 2. Organizing Domain Logic. Making a Choice. Service Layer. 3. Mapping to Relational Databases. Architectural Patterns. The Behavioral Problem. Reading in Data Structural Mapping Patterns. Mapping Relationships. Inheritance. Building the Mapping. Double Mapping. Using Metadata. Database Connections. Some Miscellaneous Points. Further Reading. 4. Web Presentation. View Patterns. Input Controller Patterns. Further Reading. 5. Concurrency (by Martin Fowler and David Rice). Concurrency Problems. Execution Contexts. Isolation and Immutability. Optimistic and Pessimistic Concurrency Control. Preventing Inconsistent Reads. Deadlocks. Transactions. ACID. Transactional Resources. Reducing Transaction Isolation for Liveness. Business and System Transactions. Patterns for Offline Concurrency Control. Application Server Concurrency. Further Reading. 6. Session State. The Value of Statelessness. Session State. Ways to Store Session State. 7. Distribution Strategies. The Allure of Distributed Objects. Remote and Local Interfaces. Where You Have to Distribute. Working with the Distribution Boundary. Interfaces for Distribution. 8. Putting it all Together. Starting With the Domain Layer. Down to the Data Source. Data Source for Transaction Script. Data Source Table Module (125). Data Source for Domain Model (116). The Presentation Layer. Some Technology-Specific Advice. Java and J2EE. .NET. Stored Procedures. Web Services. Other Layering Schemes. II. THE PATTERNS. 9. Domain Logic Patterns. Transaction Script. How It Works. When to Use It. The Revenue Recognition Problem. Example: Revenue Recognition (Java). Domain Model. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Revenue Recognition (Java). Table Module. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Revenue Recognition with a Table Module (C#). Service Layer(by Randy Stafford). How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Revenue Recognition (Java). 10. Data Source Architectural Patterns. Table Data Gateway. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Person Gateway (C#). Example: Using ADO.NET Data Sets (C#). Row Data Gateway. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Person Record (Java). Example: A Data Holder for a Domain Object (Java). Active Record. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Simple Person (Java). Data Mapper. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Simple Database Mapper (Java). Example: Separating the Finders (Java). Example: Creating an Empty Object (Java). 11. Object-Relational Behavioral Patterns. Unit of Work. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Unit of Work with Object Registration (Java) (by David Rice). Identity Map. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Methods for an Identity Map (Java). Lazy Load. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Lazy Initialization (Java). Example: Virtual Proxy (Java). Example: Using a Value Holder (Java). Example: Using Ghosts (C#). 12. Object-Relational Structural Patterns. Identity Field. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Integral Key (C#). Example: Using a Key Table (Java). Example: Using a Compound Key (Java). Foreign Key Mapping. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Single-Valued Reference (Java). Example: Multitable Find (Java). Example: Collection of References (C#). Association Table Mapping. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Employees and Skills (C#). Example: Using Direct SQL (Java). Example: Using a Single Query for Multiple Employees (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler). Dependent Mapping. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Albums and Tracks (Java). Embedded Value. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Simple Value Object (Java). Serialized LOB. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Serializing a Department Hierarchy in XML (Java). Single Table Inheritance. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Single Table for Players (C#). Loading an Object from the Database. Class Table Inheritance. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Players and Their Kin (C#). Concrete Table Inheritance. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Concrete Players (C#). Inheritance Mappers. How It Works. When to Use It. 13. Object-Relational Metadata Mapping Patterns. Metadata Mapping. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Using Metadata and Reflection (Java). Query Object. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: A Simple Query Object (Java). Repository (by Edward Hieatt and Rob Mee). How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Finding a Person's Dependents (Java). Example: Swapping Repository Strategies (Java). 14. Web Presentation Patterns. Model View Controller. How It Works. When to Use It. Page Controller. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Simple Display with a Servlet Controller and a JSP View (Java). Example: Using a JSP as a Handler (Java). Example: Page Handler with a Code Behind (C#). Front Controller. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Simple Display (Java). Template View. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Using a JSP as a View with a Separate Controller (Java). Example: ASP.NET Server Page (C#). Transform View. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Simple Transform (Java). Two Step View. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Two Stage XSLT (XSLT). Example: JSP and Custom Tags (Java). Application Controller. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: State Model Application Controller (Java). 15. Distribution Patterns. Remote Facade. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Using a Java Session Bean as a Remote Facade (Java). Example: Web Service (C#). Data Transfer Object. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: Transferring Information about Albums (Java). Example: Serializing Using XML (Java). 16. Offline Concurrency Patterns. Optimistic Offline Lock (by David Rice). How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Domain Layer with Data Mappers (165) (Java). Pessimistic Offline Lock (by David Rice). How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Simple Lock Manager (Java). Coarse-Grained Lock (by David Rice and Matt Foemmel). How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Shared Optimistic Offline Lock (416) (Java). Example: Shared Pessimistic Offline Lock (426) (Java). Example: Root Optimistic Offline Lock (416) (Java). Implicit Lock (by David Rice). How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Implicit Pessimistic Offline Lock (426) (Java). 17. Session State Patterns. Client Session State. How It Works. When to Use It. Server Session State. How It Works. When to Use It. Database Session State. How It Works. When to Use It. 18. Base Patterns. Gateway. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Gateway to a Proprietary Messaging Service (Java). Mapper. How It Works. When to Use It. Layer Supertype. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Domain Object (Java). Separated Interface. How It Works. When to Use It. Registry. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Singleton Registry (Java). Example: Thread-Safe Registry (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler). Value Object. How It Works. When to Use It. Money. How It Works. When to Use It. Example: A Money Class (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler). Special Case. How It Works. When to Use It. Further Reading. Example: A Simple Null Object (C#). Plugin (by David Rice and Matt Foemmel). How It Works. When to Use It. Example: An Id Generator (Java). Service Stub (by David Rice). How It Works. When to Use It. Example: Sales Tax Service (Java). Record Set. How It Works. When to Use It. References Index. 0321127420T10162002

The Java Programming Language

Abstract: From the Publisher: Co-authored by the creator of the Java technology and an experienced object-oriented developer, The Java (TM)Programming Language, Second Edition, is the definitive resource for all serious Java programmers. This book will give you a solid foundation in Java programming language strategies and techniques. It features a concise introduction to the language; detailed descriptions of Java's commands, constructs, and libraries; and numerous real-world examples that show you how to exploit the language's power, portability, and flexibility. You will find in-depth and progressively advanced coverage of classes and objects, interfaces, exception-handling, threads and multitasking, and packages. In addition, the book describes the Java core library packages, including I/O, standard utilities, language types, and system classes. Thoroughly revised from start to finish, this second edition fully integrate, is the definitive resource for all serious Java programmers. This book will give you a solid foundation in Java programming language strategies and techniques. It features a concise introduction to the language; detailed descriptions of Java's commands, constructs, and libraries; and numerous real-world examples that show you how to exploit the language's power, portability, and flexibility. You will find in-depth and progressively advanced coverage of classes and objects, interfaces, exception-handling, threads and multitasking, and packages. In addition, the book describes the Java core library packages, including I/O, standard utilities, language types, and system classes. Thoroughly revised from start to finish, this second edition fully integrates Java 1.1 into both text and examples. This edition includes the changes introduced in Java 1.1, such as nested classes (including anonymous classes), threading issues, character-based streams, object-serialization, documentation comments, new utility classes, plus internationalization and localization. The book lets you in on the rationale behind Java's design, direct from the language's creator, as well as the tradeoffs involved in using specific features. With these insights, you will have the understanding you need to begin developing Java applications and applets.

Extended static checking for Java

Abstract: Software development and maintenance are costly endeavors. The cost can be reduced if more software defects are detected earlier in the development cycle. This paper introduces the Extended Static Checker for Java (ESC/Java), an experimental compile-time program checker that finds common programming errors. The checker is powered by verification-condition generation and automatic theorem-proving techniques. It provides programmers with a simple annotation language with which programmer design decisions can be expressed formally. ESC/Java examines the annotated software and warns of inconsistencies between the design decisions recorded in the annotations and the actual code, and also warns of potential runtime errors in the code. This paper gives an overview of the checker architecture and annotation language and describes our experience applying the checker to tens of thousands of lines of Java programs.