Showing papers on "Strychnos nux-vomica published in 2016"

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers for strychnine by precipitation polymerization and multistep swelling and polymerization and their application for the selective extraction of strychnine from nux‐vomica extract powder

Abstract: Monodisperse molecularly imprinted polymers for strychnine were prepared by precipitation polymerization and multistep swelling and polymerization, respectively. In precipitation polymerization, methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene were used as a functional monomer and crosslinker, respectively, while in multistep swelling and polymerization, methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were used as a functional monomer and crosslinker, respectively. The retention and molecular recognition properties of the molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by both methods for strychnine were evaluated using a mixture of sodium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile as a mobile phase by liquid chromatography. In addition to shape recognition, ionic and hydrophobic interactions could affect the retention of strychnine in low acetonitrile content. Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by both methods could selectively recognize strychnine among solutes tested. The retention factors and imprinting factors of strychnine on the molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by precipitation polymerization were 220 and 58, respectively, using 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0)/acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) as a mobile phase, and those on the molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by multistep swelling and polymerization were 73 and 4.5. These results indicate that precipitation polymerization is suitable for the preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer for strychnine. Furthermore, the molecularly imprinted polymer could be successfully applied for selective extraction of strychnine in nux-vomica extract powder.

Immunosuppressive activity of crude terpenoids from extracts of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa and Strychnos nux-vomica

Abstract: According to the literature which revealed that immunopharmacological based activity of crude terpenoids extracted from the leaves of Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa and Strychnos nux-vomica on human whole blood has not been carried out. In order to explore its immunosuppressive activity of these crude terpenoids (6.25-25 mg/ml; 50 µl) using human whole blood stimulated with hepatitis B vaccine containing surface antigen (HBsAg, 20 µg/ml; 10 µl) pertaining to human blood counts (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes count), CD14 monocyte surface marker and HBsAg stimulated proliferation assay. The results showed that these crude terpenoids extracted from various medicinal plants containing HBsAg inhibited the percentage count of monocytes as well as granulocytes at higher doses. In addition, these crude terpenoids also reduces its proliferation rate at higher doses as compared to control and standard (HBsAg). The overall conclusion of this study showed that these crude terpenoids possess immunosuppressive activity and might be used for various therapeutic purposes.

[Study on Chemical Constituents of Strychnos nux-vomica].

Abstract: Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. Methods Chromatographic separation techniques such as silica gel chromatography,ODS chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography were used for the isolation and purification. The structures of the chemical constituents were identified on the basis of mass spectrometry,NMR spectroscopy and so on. Results 16 compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as: α-amyrin( 1), vomicine( 2), stearic acid( 3), β-sitosterol( 4),vanillin( 5), ethyl gallate( 6),methyl gallate( 7),novacine( 8),strychnine( 9), daucosterol( 10),brucine chloromethochloride( 11),loganic acid( 12),strychnine chloromethochloride( 13),brucine( 14),geniposide( 15) and loganin( 16). Conclusion Compounds 3,6,7 and 15 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Different Traditional Methods of Nux-Vomica Detoxification Have Therapeutic Rationales

Abstract: Background: Strychnos nux-vomica is a well-known poisonous plant, which is detoxified by different methods in traditional medicines. Most of traditional medical schools introduce general detoxification methods that can be substituted with each other. The main goal of these methods is to reduce the total alkaloids. In contrast, Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) has suggested three non-general, non-substitutable methods, which have specific medical indications: 1, boiling the seeds in water until all the water evaporates (prescribed for diarrhea treatment); 2, soaking the seeds in cow’s milk for seven days, followed by peeling the seeds (for addiction treatment); 3, soaking the seeds in cow’s milk for seven days, peeling the seeds, and boiling them in milk (for arthralgia and paralysis). Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the therapeutic rationale for each method. Materials and Methods: Nux-vomica seeds were divided into four groups: three groups were detoxified via ITM methods, and one group was kept intact as a control. All samples were powdered, and their alkaloids and total phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC and spectrophotometery, respectively. Results: The first ITM method reduced the strychnine level from 1.083 to 0.577 and brucine from 0.739 to 0.361. For the second and third ITM methods, the levels of strychnine reached 0.838 and 0.812, and the levels of brucine reached 0.522 and 0.568, respectively. Conclusions: Clinically, these results are logical because the required dose of alkaloids for treatment of diarrhea is lesser than the needed doses to treat addiction, arthralgia, and paralysis.

Phytochemical and medicinal properties on Strychnos-nux-vomica (L).

Abstract: Strychnos nux-vomica L. (Loganiaceae) is a deciduous tree that grows in tropical areas and is distributed throughout India and Southeast Asia. The dried seed of this plant S. nux vomica has been applied clinically in Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. S. nuxvomica is a non edible tree with a strong content of two poisonous alkaloids, strychnine and brucine. S. nux-vomica which belongs to the family loganiaceaalso called Kanjiram is a medium-sized tree. Other names of S. nux-vomica are Kanjiram, Kuchla, Kupilu. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid and glycoside in the extract. Seeds of Nux vomica used as nervine tonic, alexiteric, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, digestive, purgative and stimulant. Detoxified S. Nux vomica seeds used in various Ayurvedic drugs like Agnitundi vati, Navjeevan Rasa and vishatinduka vati as an important ingredient. This study presents a review on the Phytochemical and Medicinal properties of S.nux vomica L.

[Study on Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Different Processing Products of Strychnos nux-vomica Seeds].

Abstract: Objective To study the differences of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects between oil,sand and vinegar processing Strychnos nux-vomica seeds. Methods Mouse auricular swelling and writhing test and mice hot water tail flick latency effect method were used to study and compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of different processing products of Strychnos nux-vomica seeds. Results The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of vinegar processing Strychnos nux-vomica seeds was better than that of oil and sand processing products. Conclusion This study can provide theoretical basis for the optimization of processing technology of reducing toxicity and enhancing effects of processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds.

Identification of polyalcohols from periodate oxidized polysaccharides of Strychnos nux vomica Linn. seeds by Smith degradation method

Abstract: A water soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Strychnos nux vomica Linn. seeds on acid hydrolysis with sulphuric acid and obtained hydrolysate on paper chromatography led to the D galactose and D mannose in the molar ratio of 1 : 4 moles. The periodate oxidized see!ds polysaccharide on reduction with sodium borohydride by Smith degradation method followed by acid hydrolysis (H2SO4), which yielded polyalcohols as glycerol, erythritol and thritol in the molar ratio of 1.10 : 4.85 : 0.008 moles on paper chromatogram. The derivatives of polyalcohols were produced from seeds polysaccharide as glycerol tri O p nitrobenzoate and tetra O tosyl erythriotol. The absorbance of polyalcohols were recorded in photoelectrocolorimeter on 540 mμ for glycerol and erythritol.

Isolation and identification of flavonoid in Strychnos nux-vomica L., and evaluation of antioxidant potential

Abstract: In the present work, methanolic extract from the leaves of Strychnos nux-vomica were analyzed phytochemically for the presence of flavonoids. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoidal structure, by using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside i.e., rutin is identified. Antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH method.

Antibacterial activity leaf extracts of strychnos nux vomica l. - a member of loganiaceae

Abstract: The present study investigates the antibacterial activity of various solvents leaf extracts of Strychnos nux vomica against four different bactria strains like Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi b, Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium notatum and Cladosporium carrionii. All the results were compared with respective positive control.