Showing papers on "Strychnos potatorum published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial MB dye concentration, and temperature on the removal of MB dye was analyzed, and the adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to different adaption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubininin-Radushkevich.
Abstract: Kinetic, mechanism, equilibrium, and thermodynamic behavior of adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto surface modified Strychnos potatorum seeds (SMSP), in an aqueous solution were studied. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial MB dye concentration, and temperature on the removal of MB dye. The kinetics of MB dye adsorption onto SMSP follows a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption of MB dye onto SMSP was found to be controlled by both surface diffusion and pore diffusion. The diffusivity values were calculated from Boyd kinetic and Shrinking Core Model for varying initial MB dye concentration from 50 to 250 mg L−1. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The equilibrium data fitted best with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, which indicates multilayer adsorption of MB dye onto SMSP. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity estimated with Langmuir isotherm model was 78.84 mg of MB dye molecules per gram of SMSP. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of MB dye onto SMSP follows an exothermic process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 624–632, 2013
75 citations
TL;DR: The result of this study shows that 50% of the ethanolic extract at different doses possesses significant antidiabetic activity and potent antioxidant potential in diabetic conditions.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using the seeds of the plant species Strychnos potatorum was studied, where the dried Nirmali seeds were powdered and used as adsorbent.
Abstract: The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using the seeds of the plant species Strychnos potatorum was studied. The plant is popularly known as Nirmali tree, grown all over India. The dried Nirmali seeds were powdered and used as adsorbent. The SEM-EDX and FT-IR spectrum of the adsorbent revealed that the powder is fibrous in nature and contains functional groups such as OH and COOH. The zeta potential measurements indicated negative surface charge beyond the pH of 1.50. Batch type experiments were conducted to study the influence of pH and initial Cr(VI) concentration on the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Maximum removal of Cr(VI) was observed at pH 1.0. The adsorption equilibrium was attained within a sort contact time of 4 min and the maximum uptake of Cr(VI) was found to be 59 mg g-1. The influence of anions such as Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- on Cr(VI) removal was investigated and found that the removal was slightly affected in the presence of NO3- and SO42-. The rate of removal of Cr(VI) was found to obey pseudo second order rate equation. The high free energy value of adsorption (ΔG = -137 kJ mol-1) indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on Nirmali seed powder was mainly attributed due to chemical and electrostatic interaction. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Strychnos potatorum seeds were examined as an adsorbent to remove the metal ions such as Cu(II, Cd(II) and Ni(II), from their aqueous solutions.
Abstract: In this study, the unmodified Strychnos potatorum seeds were examined as an adsorbent to remove the metal ions such as Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions from their aqueous solutions. The surface properties of the adsorbent were analysed by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The adsorption experimental parameters which affect the adsorption process such as pH, adsorbent dose, initial metal ions concentration, contact time and temperature were studied. Adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model displayed the best coefficient of determination values. A single-stage batch adsorber was designed to estimate the amount of adsorbent required to treat the known volume of the wastewater by using the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. From the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions was found to be: 8.649, 7.023 and 5.140 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic result...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, facile and ecofriendly methods have been developed for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate using the seed extract of Strychnos potatorum, a natural phytocoagulant.
Abstract: In this study, facile and ecofriendly methods have been developed for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate using the seed extract of Strychnos potatorum , a natural phytocoagulant. The effect of room temperature stirring, water bath heating and autoclaving on nanoparticle synthesis was studied. The water soluble compounds in the extract serve as reducing and stabilising agents. Analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction were used to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. By tuning the reaction conditions, size controlled spherical nanoparticles of around 14.1 ± 4.8 nm were generated. The face centred cubic crystalline structure of the nanoparticles is confirmed from the observed peaks corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes in the XRD pattern, concentric rings with intermittent bright dots in selected-area electron diffraction patterns and clear lattice fringes in high-resolution TEM images. With Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, a probable mechanism involved in the reduction and stabilisation of nanoparticles has been investigated. As the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated with functional groups, they can be easily integrated for various biomedical applications.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, surface modified Strychnos potatorum seeds (SMSP), an agricultural waste has been developed into an effective adsorbent for the removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous environment.
Abstract: Abstract The surface modified Strychnos potatorum seeds (SMSP), an agricultural waste has been developed into an effective adsorbent for the removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous environment. The Freundlich model provided a better fit with the experimental data than the Langmuir model as revealed by a high coefficient of determination values and low error values. The kinetics data fitted well into the pseudo-second order model with the coefficient of determination values greater than 0.99. The influence of particle diffusion and film diffusion in the adsorption process was tested by fitting the experimental data with intraparticle diffusion, Boyd kinetic and Shrinking core models. Desorption experiments were conducted to explore the feasibility of regenerating the spent adsorbent and the adsorbed Zn(II) ions from spent SMSP was desorbed using 0.3 M HCl with the efficiency of 93.58%. The results of the present study indicates that the SMSP can be successfully employed for the removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous environment.
12 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of naturally occurring Strychnos potatorum was evaluated against the chemical coagulant alum, and it was observed that reduction in turbidity level depend on the raw water turbidity.
Abstract: The polysaccharides and proteins of various seeds have bioflocculant properties. The performance of naturally occurring Strychnos potatorum was evaluated against the chemical coagulant alum. The study involved extensive jar test experiments using Strychnos potatorum suspension and alum solution either independently or in combination with spiked turbid water prepared in the laboratory. It was observed that reduction in turbidity level depend on the raw water turbidity. Strychnos potatorum was found effective when used in low dosages 0.25 to 3.5 mg/L. It acts as good coagulant and coagulant aid at higher turbidity 1000-3000 NTU. The prepared solution of Strychnos potatorum was kept for 4 days in refrigerator. It was used for removal of turbidity at nearly same raw water turbidity with identical dose to evaluate the effect of aging. The removal efficiency of Strychnos potatorum solution was observed better on second day as compare to first, second and third day.
10 citations
TL;DR: A protocol for germination of Strychnos potatorum using zygotic embryo culture as an embryo rescue method will be useful to overcome seed dormancy and for rapid multiplication and conservation of S. Potatorum.
Abstract: The present study reports a protocol for germination of Strychnos potatorum (ver. Tel. Chilla) using zygotic embryo culture as an embryo rescue method. A 100% germination rate was obtained by culturing the embryos on full-strength Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) containing 20 g/L sucrose in comparison to McCown and Lloyd’s Woody Plant Medium (WPM). Germination rates decreased when the sucrose concentration was lower or higher than 20 g·L−1. WPM/MS medium containing glucose at levels 30, 20, 15 g·L−1 showed a smaller percentage of germination and at quarter strength, WPM/MS medium with glucose did not respond. Multiple shoot formation was found at 1.0–2.0 mg/L BAP; 3.0 mg/L Kn; 2.0 mg/L TDZ on MS medium with 20 g·L−1 sucrose. Germination rates improved when the embryos were placed upright (vertically) in the medium. The in vitro germinated seedlings were acclimatized in a walk-in-chamber and maintained in the green house with the survival rate of 65%–75%. These plants were transferred to the field and were found to be phenotypically normal, healthy and similar to donor plants. This protocol will be useful to overcome seed dormancy and for rapid multiplication and conservation of S. potatorum using zygotic embryo culture.
7 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The hydroalcholic extract of strychnos potatorum linn seed has significant anti-inflammatory activity and is comparable to that of the standard drug Hydrocortisone.
Abstract: In the present study, strychnos potatorum linn belonging to the family Loganiaceae (Strychnaceae) was studied. It is a folkloric medicinal plant used to treat antibacterial, antifungal, anti diabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Since many flavonoids have remarkable anti-inflammatory activity the present work aims at evaluating the anti inflammatory activity of seeds strychnos potatorum linn by HRBC membrane stabilization method. The prevention of hypo tonicity induced HRBC membrane lysis was taken a measure of anti inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcholic extract was comparable to that of the standard drug Hydrocortisone. The percentage protection for the hydroalcholic extract and hydrocortisone were 100 at µg/ml. the hydroalcholic extract of strychnos potatorum linn seed has significant anti-inflammatory activity (54.95±0.74).
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical characteristics of leaves of an endangered medicinally important forest tree species Strychnos potatorum, and found that leaves are simple, petiolated, glabrous, dorsiventrally differentiated, hypostomatic, without trichomes and with conjoint, bi-collateral, exarch vascular bundles which are surrounded by sclereids on all sides.
Abstract: bjective: To investigate the pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical characteristics of leaves of an endangered medicinally important forest tree species Strychnos potatorum. Methods: Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations were conducted in terms of macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical parameters. Results: The macro and microscopic study revealed that leaves are simple, petiolated, glabrous, dorsiventrally differentiated, hypostomatic, without trichomes and with conjoint, bi-collateral, exarch vascular bundles which are surrounded by sclereids on all sides. These leaves showed the presence of fibers, parenchyma, xylem vessels and amphibrachyparacytic stomata. This crude drug (leaf powder) showed the characteristic physicochemical values like 3.5% (total ash), 2.8% (water soluble ash), 0.5 % (acid insoluble ash), and 3.4% (moisture content). Leaf powder showed the characteristic fluorescence when treated with different reagents which supported results of phytochemical studies. Preliminary phytochemical investigations in leaf powder showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpinoids, phenols, quinones, saponins and absence of fats and oils. Conclusions: Various pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical characters observed in this may help in standardization, identification and carrying out further research in S. potatorum leaf based drugs used in Ayurveda and also in modern pharmacopoeia.
5 citations
TL;DR: The potential of these natural coagulants were obtained by means of jar test study with initial turbidities of 192 NTU (High) and 28 NTU(Low).
Abstract: Coagulation being a cost-effective method is best suited for water treatment in rural areas. Natural coagulants suited for the simultaneous removal of turbidity and hardness were investigated. In this study, the seeds of Strychnos Potatorum , the pads of Cactus Opuntia and mucilage extracted from the fruits of Coccinia Indica in synthetic turbid water were used to promote coagulation. The mechanism of turbidity removal by the use of natural coagulants was based on adsorption and charge neutralization. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of hardness removal in hard water conforms to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Therefore, for hard water the natural coagulants tend to adsorb hardness and form a net like structure followed by turbidity removal by sweep flocculation. The potential of these natural coagulants were obtained by means of jar test study with initial turbidities of 192 NTU (High) and 28 NTU (Low). It was found that the natural coagulants can be more efficiently used for high turbid waters. Hardness removal efficiency was found to increase with the increase in coagulant dosage.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the usage of natural coagulants extracted from Moringa oleifera and Strychnos potatorum was discussed and the percentage colour removal for the dye solution was found out and it was compared with the commercially used Coagulant, alum.
Abstract: Wastewater treatment is one of the major problems faced by textile industries. Treatment of wastewater is one of the biggest problems faced by textile manufacturers. By using natural coagulants, considerable savings in chemicals and sludge handling cost may be achieved along with production of readily biodegradable and less voluminous sludge that amounts only 20-30% that of alum treated counterpart. The present study, discusses about the usage of natural coagulants extracted from Moringa oleifera and Strychnos potatorum. These coagulants are very effective for the removal of colour in the synthetically prepared textile waste water. The percentage colour removal for the dye solution using natural coagulants was found out and it was compared with the commercially used coagulant, alum. The maximum percentage of colour removal using alum, Moringa oleifera and Strychnos potatorum was found to be 83%, 89% and 93%, respectively. From these results, it is evident that the natural coagulants are more effective than the commercially used coagulants.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The established protocols offer a valuable micropropagation method that could be useful as a starting point for in vitro conservation of this endangered plant, or for mass propagation of species for pharmaceutical importance.
Abstract: Tissue culturing of medicinal plants is widely used to produce active compounds for herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Conservation of genetic material of many threatened medicinal plants also involves culturing techniques. This work reviews in vitro micropropagation techniques and gives examples of various commercially important medicinal plants. Fresh leaves of Strychnos potatorum plants collected from natural growing populations was sterile inoculated on media. For an efficient callusing a range of 18 variant of basal MS (Murashige - Skoog) media formulation was tested, with different growth regulators combinations. The best rate of callus production was achieved after 3 weeks of culture on media supplemented with 0.4 mg/l KIN and 3 mg/l 2,4-D. The established protocols offer a valuable micropropagation method that could be useful as a starting point for in vitro conservation of this endangered plant, or for mass propagation of species for pharmaceutical importance.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the coagulation activity of the seed is used to coagulate the dirt and also decrease the number of microbes in the water, it also shows activity against Salmonella sps, Klebsiella sts, E. coli and Enterobacter sps.
Abstract: Water is a necessity for our daily life process. But access to clean drinking water is not available to a major population who live in rural areas. They live on open dug wells, pond water etc. In order to provide a clean drinking water, the water is treated using Strychnos potatorum, a seed commonly found in south India. The coagulation activity of the seed is used to coagulate the dirt and also decrease the number of microbes in the water. It also shows activity against Salmonella sps, Klebsiella sps, E. coli and Enterobacter sps. It is also proved that the antimicrobial activity more for the compound obtained from column chromatography than the crude extract obtained through soxhlet. The seed paste when added to water shows vast decrease in microbial count at the concentration of 1.0 c.c.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The methanol soluble part of the concentrated ethanolic extract of the flowers of Strychnos potatorum Linn gave a flavonoidal glycoside AS-2 having molecular formula C21H20O12, m.p. 262-2630 C and (∝)D 16 ÷ 18.60 (in CHCl3), M+ = 464 (By mass spectroscopy) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The methanol soluble part of the concentrated ethanolic extract of the flowers of Strychnos potatorum Linn gave a flavonoidal glycoside AS-2 having molecular formula C21H20O12, m.p. 262-2630 C and (∝)D 16 ÷ 18.60 (in CHCl3), M+ = 464 (By mass spectroscopy). By chemical reactions and spectral analysis, it was identified as; 5,7,3'4'-tetrahydroxy flavone -3-O-β-D-Galactopyranoside.
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The present study deals with pharmacognostical parameters for the selected parts (Leaf, Stem, Bark and Seed) of Strychnos potatorum L.f. to provide the basis for its wide use as remedy both in traditional and folk medicines.
Abstract: Herbs are staging a comeback and “herbal renaissance” is happening all over the world .The herbal products today symbolize safety in contrast to the synthetics that are regarded as unsafe to human and environment. Strychnos potatorum L.f.is a medicinally important tree species which belongs to the family Loganiaceae and is also known as nirmali or clearing nut tree .In traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda and Siddha the plant parts are used for treating urinary tract infections , kidney troubles and diarrhoea . But mechanisms of action for these properties are not fully understood. The generated data provided the basis for its wide use as remedy both in traditional and folk medicines. The present study deals with pharmacognostical parameters for the selected parts (Leaf, Stem, Bark and Seed) of