Showing papers on "Strychnos potatorum published in 2014"

Strychnos potatorum: Phytochemical and pharmacological review.

Abstract: In traditional system of medicine, the seeds of Strychnos potatorum Linn. (family: Loganiaceae) are used in the treatment of gonorrhea, leukorrhea leukeorrhea, gastropathy, bronchitis, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, renal and vesicle calculi, diabetes, conjunctivitis, scleritis, ulcers and other eye disease. An attempt has been made to highlight this medicinal seeds through phytochemical and pharmacological study. The present review deals with the phytochemical and pharmacological screening of therapeutic importance from Strychnos potatorum L., an important medicinal plant. This study includes the collective information of different medicinal uses of Strychnos potatorum. The generated data has provided the basis for its wide use as the therapeutant both in the traditional and folk medicines.

Efficiency of Using Commercial and Natural Coagulants in Treating Car Wash Wastewater

Abstract: The present study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of commercial and natural coagulants in treating car wash wastewater. The sampling campaigns on car wash wastewater samples were collected at Car Wash U Turn, Taman Universiti during the weekdays and the weekends’ for 10 weeks. Two types of chemical coagulants; alum and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), and natural coagulants; Moringa Oleifera and Strychnos Potatorum were compared and were evaluated for different amount of dosages, ranging 30mg/L-200mg/L. These coagulants were used to treat car wash effluent and were evaluated for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, total suspended solid (TSS) and turbidity. The removal efficiency of both natural coagulants was more effective compared to low dosages chemical coagulants of 30-80mg/L. Moringa Oleifera showed 90% turbidity, 60% COD and75% phosphorus), whereas Strychnos Potatorum showed removal of 96% turbidity, 55% COD, 65% phosphorus. Data showed that the seed of Moringa Oleifera and Strychnos Potatorum contained coagulating substances capable of removing turbidity up to 99%. Meanwhile, for 150mg/L alum and FeSO4, the results were 87% and 77% turbidity, 74% and 71%COD, and 81% and 65% phosphorus, respectively. Application of natural coagulant is recommended because it is eco-friendly and low cost as compared to chemical coagulants.

Efficiency of Using Commercial and Natural Coagulants in Treating Car Wash Wastewater Treatment

Abstract: The present study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of commercial and natural coagulants in treating car wash wastewater. The sampling campaigns on car wash wastewater samples were collected at Car Wash U Turn, Taman Universiti during the weekdays and the weekends’ for 10 weeks. Two types of chemical coagulants; alum and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), and natural coagulants; Moringa Oleifera and Strychnos Potatorum were compared and were evaluated for different amount of dosages, ranging 30mg/L-200mg/L. These coagulants were used to treat car wash effluent and were evaluated for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, total suspended solid (TSS) and turbidity. The removal efficiency of both natural coagulants was more effective compared to low dosages chemical coagulants of 30-80mg/L. Moringa Oleifera showed 90% turbidity, 60% COD and75% phosphorus), whereas Strychnos Potatorum showed removal of 96% turbidity, 55% COD, 65% phosphorus. Data showed that the seed of Moringa Oleifera and Strychnos Potatorum contained coagulating substances capable of removing turbidity up to 99%. Meanwhile, for 150mg/L alum and FeSO4, the results were 87% and 77% turbidity, 74% and 71%COD, and 81% and 65% phosphorus, respectively. Application of natural coagulant is recommended because it is eco-friendly and low cost as compared to chemical coagulants.

A Comparative Study of Strychnos potatorum and Chemical Coagulants in the Treatment of Paint and Industrial Effluents: An Alternate Solution

Abstract: This study was conducted to find a solution for the treatment of simulated industrial paint effluent using natural material, Strychnos potatorum, as a coagulant. The coagulation capacity was evaluated for a liter of effluent using standard jar test apparatus. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the existence of various functional groups in S. potatorum. The residence of proteins tied with coagulant treatment were determined and analyzed over SDS PAGE. The predominance of determining variables such as eluent type (water, NaCl, KCl), eluent concentration (1-5N), coagulant dosage (1-10 g), coagulant volume (20-100 mL), initial pH (5-11), and initial effluent concentration (3100, 4224, 5650, 6258, and 7693 mg/L named as sample number 1 to 5, respectively) were valued in terms of color, COD, and turbidity. The choicest outcome of the treatment was identified as, 2 g of S. potatorum, 3N NaCl as an eluent, 100 mL of coagulant volume, and the actual pH of the sample (7.2-7.8). It was found that the removal efficiency inc...

Moringa Oleifera and Strychnos Potatorum Seeds as Natural Coagulant Compared with Synthetic Common Coagulants in Treating Car Wash Wastewater: Case Study 1

Abstract: The present study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different types of coagulant; chemical (alum and ferrous sulphate) and natural coagulants Moringa Oleifera and Strychnos Potatorum for treating car wash wastewater. Car wash wastewater samples were collected at Radin Car Wash Parit Raja (geographical coordinates: 1° 52' 0" North, 103° 7' 0" East) during weekdays and weekends in 10 weeks sampling regimes. The coagulants were used to treat car wash effluent and were evaluated with respect to pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity.The mixing started with rapid mixing of higher revolutions per minute (rpm) for 10 minutes and followed by the slow mixing at the lowest rpm for 30 minutes. The rotation speed was adjusted while carrying out the test to determine the optimum settling time. The coagulant was finally allowed to settle for 60 minutes. The experiments were started by obtaining the optimum fresh coagulants concentration and initial pH value of the car wash wastewater. The removal efficiency of both natural coagulants was more effective compared to chemical coagulants with low dosage, 40-80mg/L. Moringa Oleifera (94%-Turbidity, 60%-COD, 81%-Phosphorus) and Strychnos Potatorum (97%-Turbidity, 54%-COD, 82%-Phosphorus). Hence, the use of natural coagulants are apparently a better option as they provide better treatment and safe to environment, and the cost is cheaper to common coagulants in water treatment.

Studies on strychnos potatorum seed and screening the water quality assessment of drinking water

Abstract: This research was aimed to finding the efficiencies of powdered seeds of Strychnos potatorum natural water treatment agents alternative to the use of synthetic chemical s. The optimum dosages and turbidities were observe d to the alum and Strychnos potatorum . The results obtained the Strychnos potatorum prove the plant can be used for the treatment of turbidity in drinking water. Performance of Strychnos potatoram seed extract as primary coagulant and compared with the performance of alum. S. potatoram seed extract is effective as a prime coagulant comp ared with alum, it produces water with slightly higher residual turbidity and r esidual color, but the residual turbidity and resid ual color are within the WHO drinking water guideline values for turbidi ty (5 NTU) and color (15 TCU). The effectiveness of Strychnos potatoram in the removal of turbidity, total hardness, pH, an d total dissolved solids (TDS) has been investigate d. Prelimainary phytochemical screening were carried out and also IR - Spectrum were analysed. Strychnos potatorum seeds column compounds were tested for their antibacterial properties against some pathogenic gram pos itive and gram negative bacteria. The growth of Proteus vulgaris , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Stap hylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli were significantly inhibited. The maximums zone of inhibition was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellapneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis .

Phytochemical and IR -Spectrum analysis of Strychnos potatorum linn

Abstract: The present paper deals with the phytochemical characteristics of leaves and bark of an endangered medicinally important tree species of strychnos potatorum . Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins, sterols, glycosides, oil and fats, phenolic compounds, protein and amino acids, gums and mucilage. The functional groups were identified through IR spectrum.

Bioremediation of waste water by using strychnos potatorum seeds (clearing nuts) as bio adsorbent and natural coagulant for removal of fluoride and chromium

Abstract: The present study explores the Biosorption potential of Strychnos potatorum seed powder to remove Cr (VI) and Fluoride from aqueous solution. The effect of various parameters such as effect of pH, biosorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentrations and temperature was investigated under batch experimental conditions. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic behavior and to evaluate rate constants. The best correlation (R 2 = 0.999) was provided by the pseudo-second-order model for the removal of chromium and Pseudo second order for the removal of fluoride. The experimental data were analyzed using two isotherm models namely Langmuir and Freundlich. Langmuir isotherm model better fitted the experimental data than the Freundlich isotherm model. The seeds of Strychnos potatorum used as coagulant for the removal of chromium from industrial waste water.

Storage Duration and Temperature Effects of Strychnos potatorum Stock Solutions on its Coagulation Efficiency

Abstract: This study presents the effects of storage duration and temperature of Strychnos potatorum stock solution on its coagulation efficiency. Coagulation efficiency of the seed extracts on water samples depended on the initial turbidity of the water sample. The stock solutions could clarify only highly turbid solutions. The optimum dosage of the stock solutions was 5% and optimal time required was 50 minutes. S. potatorum stock solutions, which were kept at room temperature (28 °C), had a shelf life of only five days and were able to remove turbidity from high and low turbidity water samples and no coagulation activity was observed for medium turbidity. The highest turbidity removals were observed for stock solutions, which were kept for three days. For stock solutions which were stored in refrigerator, shelf life was extended upto seven days, and the turbidity removal efficiencies improved from 45.9 to 63.8 for low and 43.7 to 64.9 % for high turbidity water samples, respectively.

Screening Of Certain Herbs for Turbidity Removal and Antimicrobial Activity for Waste Water Treatment

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of natural herbs for the removal of turbidity and its antibacterial activity for the treatment of water. The turbidity removal by using seed powder of various plants like Strychnos potatorum, Moringa oleifera, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Abelmoschus esculentus, Zea maize, Tamarindus indica were successfully achieved for water with 300 NTU turbidity. Zea maize and Tamarindus indica seed powder showed percent turbidity removal of 79.67 and 89.67 respectively at 300 NTU initial turbidity. Similarly the water extracts of seeds of the above mentioned plants were subjected for the antimicrobial study by zone inhibition. The maximum zone of inhibition of 14 mm was observed with water extract of Zea maize seeds. The combination of Zea maize seed powder and its water extract was used for the treatment of E.coli spiked turbid water having turbidity of 300 NTU and coliform density of 4X103 CFU/ml. Turbidity removal of 91 % and coliform removal of 78% was achieved after 1 hour of settling time.

Defluoridization Using a Natural Adsorbent, Strychnos Potatorum

Abstract: The study assessed the suitability of low-cost natural adsorbent to effectively remediate fluoride contaminated water. The removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using Strychnos Potatorum was studied in batch technique. Influence of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, co ions, speed and initial concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The maximum removal of fluoride ion was obtained at pH 7. The removal of fluoride was expressed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. It was found that the sufficient time for adsorption equilibrium of fluoride ion was 1 hour. The removal of fluoride ions was maximum for the adsorbent dosage of SP is 50mg/50ml. The fluoride adsorption was maximum at 60minutes. The adsorption of F - ion was maximum in the shaking speed of 120 rpm. The presence of interfering ions such as nitrate and carbonate showed positive effect while sulphate and chloride showed little negative effect and phosphate showed high negative effect for the adsorbent. The optimum initial fluoride concentration for SP adsorbent was 1mg/50ml.

Genotoxic assessment of calcium hypochlorite and Strychnos potatorum Linn. seeds-two commonly used water purifying agents.

Abstract: The role of water in our daily lives cannot be highlighted enough, and ensuring the availability of pure water is an urgent need. Bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite) and Strychnos potatorum Linn. seeds are commonly used in water purification as a disinfectant and anticoagulant, respectively, yet their safety levels have not been analyzed so far. Hence, a genotoxic assessment was conducted using Allium cepa chromosome aberration assay. Reduction in mitotic index and increase in abnormality percentage was observed for both, but this effect was dose dependent. All values were statistically significant at p<0.05%. Bleaching powder was found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic compared with the control. Abnormality percentage was found to be significantly high when compared with the positive control. Chromosome aberrations like binucleate condition, micronuclei formation, stickiness, and lesions could only be observed in root meristems treated with positive control and bleaching powder. The seeds of S. potatorum expressed mild cytotoxicity, but the genotoxic effect was found to be negligible when compared with positive control. Other chromosome aberrations observed included chromosome bridges, c-metaphases, chromosome laggards, shift in microtubule organizing centre, polyploidy, early movement of chromosomes, vagrant chromosomes, as well as diagonal, disturbed, and scattered arrangement of chromosomes. Thus, the genotoxic effect of bleaching powder warns people to use a safer choice of S. potatorum in water purification, whenever possible, as in the condition of muddy, coagulated water.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND ANATOMICAL EVALUATION OF THE SELECTED PARTS OF Strychnos potatorum L.f.

Abstract: In the present study, selected parts (stem, bark, leaf and seed) of Strychnos potatorum L.f. belonging to the family Loganiaceae were evaluated for the preliminary phytochemicals and anatomical characteristics. Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water were selected as solvents according to increasing order of their polarity. Qualitative analysis of the selected parts confirmed the presence of various primary and secondary plant metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, cellulose, starch, tannins, fixed oil and quinone. Anatomical studies include cross sections of the selected parts. This study provided referential botanical and phytochemical information for correct identification of the plant.

Synthesis of silver particles using the extracts of Strychnos Potatorum

Abstract: Nanostructure noble metals have unusual physicochemical properties compared to their bulk parentmaterials. In the recent years a large number of physical, chemical and biological techniques were applied to the characterization and the development of metal nanoparticles using Strychnos potatorum seeds. In the present study, we have prepared various concentrations of silver nanoparticles usingModified PrecipitationMethod (MPM).Analytical techniques such as Fourier TransformInfrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Fourier TransformRaman (FT-RAMAN) Spectroscopy, UVVisible spectroscopy, Scanning ElectronicMicroscopy, EnergyDispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral analysis and Photoluminescence methods were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The vibrational assignments, intensities and wave number (cm–1) of the dominant peaks were obtained using FT-IR and FT-RAMAN spectrum. Major assignments of the bands were made with respect to the components present in the samples. The microphotograph obtained fromscanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and the Elementary particles were analyzed by EDX spectrum. The UV/Vis spectra show that an absorption peak, occurring due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). PL (Photoluminescence) shows absorption and optical properties of nanoparticles.

Antibacterial activity of Silver Nanoparticles synt hesized by using Strychnos potatorum leaves

Abstract: Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles a re being widely using in the field of medicine. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanopartic les was carried out by using Strychnos potato rum leaf extract for the reduction of silver ions in short period. The silver nanoparticles formation was confirmed by the colour change of plant extracts. These silver nanoparticles were teste d for antibacterial activity by using disc diffusion method. The test cultures are Escherichia co li, proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyl ococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an d Klebsiella sp., were used. The antibacterial p roperty of silver nanoparticles was analysed b y measuring the inhibition zone. The silver nan oparticles synthesized from leaf extracts of Strychnospotatorum. Whereas the growth of Pseu domonas sp., and Proteus sp., were inhibited maximum by the silver nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Strychnospotatorum. The results indicates that the silver nanoparticles may have an important advantage over conve ntional antibiotics.

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the flavonoidal constituents as-1 and as-2 isolated from flowers of strychnos potatorum (linn)

Abstract: Compounds AS-1 and AS-2 obtained from ethyl acetate and methanol soluble part of the concentrated ethanolic extract of flowers of Strychnos potatorum (Linn) were found to possess encouraging antibacterial and antifungal activities. KEY WORDS Strychnos potatorum Linn, flavonoidal constituents, antibacterial and antifungal activities.