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Showing papers on "Styrene-butadiene published in 1991"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion and sorption of four long-chain hydrocarbons through four commercial polymer membranes has been studied in the temperature interval of 25-60°C by conventional weight gain experiments.
Abstract: Diffusion and sorption of four long-chain hydrocarbons, namely, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, dodecane, tetradecane, and hexadecane, through four commercial polymer membranes has been studied in the temperature interval of 25-60°C by conventional weight gain experiments. The diffusion results have been analyzed in terms of the simple Fickian model. The slightly anomalous transport behavior of the polymer-solvent systems has been attributed to a slow leaching out of the indigenous elastomer compounds and/or additives during solvent immersion

214 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied diffusion and sorption of n-alkanes through commercial polymer membranes such as neoprene, styrene butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, and natural rubber.
Abstract: Diffusion and sorption of n-alkanes (C6–C10) through commercial polymer membranes such as neoprene, styrene butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, nitrile butadiene rubber, and natural rubber have been studied from 25 to 60°C. The diffusion results have been explained in terms of the size of liquid molecules and the diffusion mechanism was found to follow the Fickian trend. Nitrile butadiene rubber and neoprene showed much smaller values of diffusivities and sorption constants than the other polymer membranes. Arrhenius parameters for the activated diffusion process and the thermodynamic quantities for the process of equilibrium sorption have been estimated.

128 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of hydrogenated styrene butadiene diblock copolymers on the rheological properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/high impact polystyrene (HIPS) blends is investigated.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of hydrogenated styrene butadiene diblock copolymers on the rheological properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/high impact polystyrene (HIPS) blends is investigated. The blends were prepared in the melt state at 180 °C for 5 min in a batch mixer. The results show that the rheological properties of the blends were very sensitive to the copolymer concentration present in the blend mainly in the low frequency region. At low copolymer content (e.g., 1 wt. %), an important decrease of the zero‐shear viscosity (η0) was observed in the case of HIPS rich blends. For the HDPE rich blends, this decrease was not observed when modified with the pure diblock copolymer. As the copolymer content increases, and depending on the copolymer structure, an increase or a further decrease of η0 was obtained. This behavior was interpreted as due to the change in the copolymer state in the blend, i.e., saturation of the interface and micelles formation. Predictions of an emulsion model of two viscoelastic liquids including an interfacial tension (σ) contribution to the elastic properties were close to the experiments for the 90/10 and 20/80 HDPE/HIPS unmodified blends, but unsatisfactory in the other cases. According to the general features of polymer suspensions and to the predictions of this model, it is concluded that phase interactions as produced by the addition of the copolymer are very important. This aspect must be included in any rheological model for copolymer modified immiscible blends.

98 citations


Patent
27 Sep 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for preparing tapered block copolymers in a polymerization process by charging an initiator and monomers sequentially with one or more charges of first one of the monomers, then with a mixture of the two monomers.
Abstract: A method for preparing tapered block copolymers in a polymerization process by charging an initiator and monomers sequentially with one or more charges of first one of the monomers, then with a mixture of the two monomers, and then with one or more charges of the second monomer alternating with one or more charges of the first monomer to produce a polymodal tapered block copolymer. Suitable monomers include conjugated dienes and monovinylaromatic compounds. The copolymers are particularly useful for shrink film packaging applications.

95 citations


Patent
08 May 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a bubble gum made with SBR (styrene butadiene) base has both its initial bite and bubble quality improved by coblending PIB (polyisobutylene) gum base with the SBR base at a weight ratio of SBR:PIB of between 2:1 and 6:1, and preferably 3:1 to 4:1.
Abstract: A bubble gum made with SBR (styrene butadiene) gum base has both its initial bite and bubble quality improved by coblending PIB (polyisobutylene) gum base with the SBR base at a weight ratio of SBR:PIB of between 2:1 and 6:1, and preferably 3:1 to 4:1. The bubble gum may be naturally sweetened or sugarless and preferably contains hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (HSH).

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a water ultrasonic procedure for cleaning SBR surfaces has been proposed, and the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The peel strength attained with polyurethane adhesives are not great and increase with the amount and especially with the viscosity of the adhesive.
Abstract: From the above results, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. A water ultrasonic procedure for cleaning SBR surfaces has been proposed. The peel strengths attained with polyurethane adhesives are not great and increase with the amount and especially with the viscosity of the adhesive. 2. Surface roughening improves the adhesion between SBR and PUA. There are no important changes in peel strength with the amount and viscosity of the PUA. Zinc stearate removal could be responsible for the increase in peel strength. 3. Chlorination of SBR surface increases the peel strength with regard to ultrasonic-cleaned rubber, especially when both SBR test strip pieces are halogenated. This increase depends on the solvent and percentage of TIC, as well as the amount and viscosity of the adhesive. However, the type of solvent for TIC does not induce physical differences in the SBR surface, the variations being explained in terms of the extent of the chlorine reaction with double carbon bonds of butadiene; i...

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, composites of styrene-butadiene rubber were prepared with three different types of lead oxide, namely, monolead oxide (PbO), lead dioxide and red lead oxide.
Abstract: Composites of styrene-butadiene rubber were prepared with three different types of lead oxide, namely, monolead oxide (PbO), lead dioxide (PbO 2 ), and red lead oxide (Pb 3 O 4 ). Concentrations of Pb 3 O 4 ranging between 17 and 88 wt% were utilized, whereas 87 wt% was used for PbO and PbO 2 . The prepared composites were investigated for their gamma radiation shielding properties. Moreover, physical and mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity were measured for both the unirradiated and irradiated composites. The highest value obtained for the linear absorption coefficient was 0.424 cm −1 for 88% Pb 3 O 4

41 citations


Patent
21 Mar 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of a hot blown process and a blown bubble process is used to produce a biaxially oriented polyethylene (BPE) film with excellent optics.
Abstract: Polymeric, oriented films can be made by the use of a combination of a hot blown process and a blown bubble process. Styrene butadiene copolymer (SBC) forms two outer layers of the preferred embodiment, with a core layer of very low density polyethylene (VLDPE) or blends thereof, and intermediate polymeric adhesive layers such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) bonding the core layer to the outer layers. A monoaxially or biaxially oriented film is produced with excellent optics.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of chlorination on the rubber surface were studied using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, and infrared spectroscopy, and it was shown that cracks appeared in rubber surface after halogenation, a factor which favours adhesion.
Abstract: Halogenation of styrene-butadiene rubbers has been carried out using solutions containing different amounts (0.1-5 wt%) of trichloroisocyanuric acid in butan-2-one. The treated rubber surface showed increased peel strength in joints made with polyurethane adhesive. The effects of chlorination on the rubber surface were studied using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that cracks appear in the rubber surface after halogenation, a factor which favours adhesion; the larger the amount of trichloroisocyanuric acid used, the larger the number of cracks. On the other hand, chlorination of the carbon double bond (butadiene) and the formation of carboxylic acid groups seem to be the most important chemical changes in the chlorinated rubber surfaces. Chlorination increases the surface energy of the rubber, although this increase is a function of the rubber composition. In fact, for a simple rubber formulation, the polar component of the surface energy i...

34 citations


Patent
21 May 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a secondary battery with excellent charge/discharge cyclic life and a high rate of capacity retention by using carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber as a bonding agent was constructed.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To equip a secondary battery with excellent charge/discharge cyclic life and a high rate of capacity retention by using carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber as a bonding agent for a negative electrode body. CONSTITUTION: A negative electrode body 5 consisting of a carbonaceous substance as a sintered body of an organic compound and Li or a Li-based alkali metal which is borne by this carbonaceous substance, a separator 6, and a positive electrode body 7 whose active substance is Li-containing composite oxide are put one over another consolidatedly in the sequence as named, and thus a non-aqueous solvent secondary battery 1 is constructed. Carboxymethyle cellulose and styrene butadiene rubber are used as a bonding agent for the negative electrode body 4. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

29 citations


Patent
30 Jul 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a flame retardant styrene composition that has improved impact strength is provided while maintaining heat deflection temperature and flexural modulus, which is improved through the use of a styrene butadiene block copolymer compatibilizing agent.
Abstract: A flame retardant styrene composition that has improved impact strength is provided while maintaining heat deflection temperature and flexural modulus. The impact strength is improved through the use of a styrene butadiene block copolymer compatibilizing agent. In a preferred embodiment, the use of a brominated diphenyl oxide as a flame retardant is avoided.

Patent
24 Dec 1991
TL;DR: A liquid modifier for topical application to in-situ aged asphalt pavement, said modifier being an emulsion and consisting essentially of the following components: a predominantly asphaltene asphalt; b. a predominantly maltene recycling agent; c. an emulsifier e.t. water said emulsion being a flowable liquid so as readily to be poured onto a surface and brushed or wiped onto and into it, and readily to flow into and penetrate small cracks in the pavement, and when the water has evaporated, to form a structural bridge and bond between opposed faces of the
Abstract: A liquid modifier for topical application to in-situ aged asphalt pavement, said modifier being an emulsion and consisting essentially of the following components: a. a predominantly asphaltene asphalt; b. a predominantly maltene recycling agent; c. a rubbery polymer or latex selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene butadiene rubber, neoprene latex, and natural rubber, and combinations of one or more of them; d. an emulsifier e. water said emulsion being a flowable liquid so as readily to be poured onto a surface and brushed or wiped onto and into it, and readily to flow into and penetrate small cracks in the pavement, and when the water has evaporated, to form a structural bridge and bond between opposed faces of the cracks, and also to pentrate into the original asphalt pavement through said faces to improve its properties.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Johnson, Kendall and Roberts' test was used to determine the energy involved in the formation of the contact at quasi-equilibrium for SBR and silicone elastomers in contact with rigid substrates.
Abstract: Adhesion threshold values for elastomers (SBR or silicone) in contact with rigid substrates (glass or polycarbonate) are obtained from the Johnson, Kendall and Roberts' test. The energy WF involved in the formation of the contact at quasi-equilibrium shows no significant effect of the molecular weight of the elastomer. Moreover, WF is of the same order of magnitude as the reversible energy of adhesion WO. On the contrary, the energy WR at quasi-equilibrium after forced contact depends on the molecular weight between crosslinks. However, the dependence is not universal for the different elastomers considered. It has not yet been possible to find the characteristics of the network which are responsible for the observed behaviours

Patent
08 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a photo-sensitive flexographic printing plate composition is proposed to impart a soft printing plate by rubber compounding photosensitive resin which comprises (A) 5-50 wt % of a photopolymerizable prepolymer consisting essentially of a component having the general formula ##STR1## where, R is an alkylene group or polyoxyalkylene group having 2-8 carbons, R1 is an H or CH3 group, R2 and R3 are diisocyanate residues, R4 is a portion excluding a hydrox
Abstract: The disclosed photosensitive flexographic printing plate composition is to impart a soft printing plate by rubber compounding photosensitive resin which comprises (A) 5-50 wt % of a photopolymerizable prepolymer consisting essentially of a component having the general formula ##STR1## where, R is an alkylene group or polyoxyalkylene group having 2-8 carbons, R1 is an H or CH3 group, R2 and R3 are diisocyanate residues, R4 is a portion excluding a hydroxyl group of dienic liquid rubber having a hydroxyl group of dihydric alcohol having less than 2000 molecular weight of the general formula ##STR2## where, R5 is an alkylene group having 2-8 carbons, R6 and R7 are an H, CH3 or acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, allyloxy group, X is a residue excluding hydroxyl group(s) of a dienic liquid rubber having hydroxyl group(s), l is an integer of 1-4, m is 1

Patent
31 Jul 1991
TL;DR: The invented styrene butadiene rubber modified asphalt is a new high-molecular polymer as discussed by the authors which consists of petroleum asphalt, styrene rubber, flux, polyolefine and sulfur in a certain proportion.
Abstract: The invented styrene butadiene rubber modified asphalt is a new high-molecular polymer. It consists of petroleum asphalt, styrene butadiene rubber, flux, polyolefine and sulfur in a certain proportion. The styrene butadiene rubber is a low-temp. copolymer random linear size and the flux is a high arene petroleum fractional distillation. The invented modified asphalt has the systematic stability, higher heat resistance and low-temp. pliability. The modified asphalt felt made from said asphalt can be used for water proof of a building roofing. The penetration of the invented modified asphalt is 10-80, soflening point is 100-120 deg.C and its brittle point is -35 deg.C.

Patent
01 Jun 1991
TL;DR: Copolymers selectively hydrogenated on the olefinic double bond and composed of styrene, butadiene and other copolymerizable monomers are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.
Abstract: Copolymers selectively hydrogenated on the olefinic double bond and composed of A) 50 to 65% by weight styrene, B) 35 to 50% by weight butadiene and C) 0 to 5% by weight other copolymerizable monomers are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a styrene-butadiene ABA block copolymer was thermolysed in a supercritical toluene-tetralin mixture at 349 °C and 13.8 MPa in a 1-DM3 batch autoclave.
Abstract: A styrene-butadiene ABA block copolymer (28 wt % styrene content) was thermolysed in a supercritical toluene-tetralin mixture at 349 °C and 13.8 MPa in a 1-dm3 batch autoclave. The derived products were examined by means of capillary column gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopy. A total of 131 components including isomers were identified. The extensive cracking of the polymer results in low molecular-weight aromatics consisting mainly of xylenes, other alkylbenzenes, and diphenylalkanes.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yoshio Iwai1, Toru Ishidao1, Shinji Miyamoto1, Hideaki Ikeda1, Yasuhiko Arai1 
TL;DR: Iwai et al. as discussed by the authors used the UNIFAC-FV model to predict the solubilities of nonane in styrene-butadiene copolymers with a sorption apparatus at 100 and 130 °C.

Patent
06 May 1991
TL;DR: Carbon black beads are provided which generally comprise carbon black powder and an elastomer such as styrene butadiene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, or the like, in an amount between 0.5 and 5.0% of the beaded carbon black.
Abstract: Carbon black beads are provided which generally comprise carbon black powder and an elastomer such as styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, or the like, in an amount between 0.5 and 5.0% by weight of the beaded carbon black. The carbon black beads are made by beading the carbon black powder with latex. The latex treated carbon black is readily handleable in bulk form, easily dispersible in elastomeric compositions, and imparts improved dynamic properties to elastomeric compositions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel automated gas consumption apparatus allows fairly reliable control of the degree of formyl loading and the preparation of infrared calibration curves for various styrene-butadiene (SB) copolymers.
Abstract: Styrene-butadiene (SB) copolymers can be readily hydroformylated to various degrees of conversion under mild conditions with HRh(CO) (PHh3)3 as the catalyst Utilization of a novel automated gas consumption apparatus allows fairly reliable control of the degree of formyl loading and the preparation of infrared calibration curves for various SB-copolymers In a subsequent reaction, also under homogeneous conditions, the hydroformylated SB-copolymers can be hydrogenated with HRuCI (CO) (PPh3)3 to give overall hydroxymethylated polymers The transformations were characterized by infrared, 13C-, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a rubber vulcanizate was subjected to electrical conductivity measurements at different values of tensile deformation and the graph showed two distinct linear stages, the slope of which is nearly independent of the tensile deformations in the first stage and decreases with tensile degradation in the second stage.
Abstract: Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-1502) was mixed with 100 phr superreinforcing furnace (SRF) black. The obtained rubber vulcanizate was subjected to electrical conductivity measurements at different values of tensile deformation. The log V vs. log I graphs showed two distinct linear stages, the slope of which is nearly independent of the tensile deformation in the first stage and decreases with tensile deformation in the second stage. On the other hand, the tensile deformation was found to have an appreciable effect on the electrical conductivity. It decreases sharply as the sample is suddenly strained and then increases exponentially with time. An empirical formula describing this behavior is suggested.

Patent
11 Apr 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, copolymers are defined as overpolymers having a substrate of styrene butadiene copolymer overpolymerized with an amine substituted alkyl acrylate.
Abstract: These polymers are copolymers or overpolymers having a substrate of styrene butadiene copolymer overpolymerized with an amine substituted alkyl acrylate. The polymers promote adhesion between organic and inorganic substrates and unsaturated polymers.

Patent
11 Feb 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a hot melt sealant consisting of a thermosetting styrene butadiene diblock copolymer and a styrene terpolymer is presented, capable of flowing, expanding and curing at temperatures below 300° F.
Abstract: The present invention discloses a hot melt sealant comprising a thermosetting styrene butadiene diblock copolymer and a styrene butadiene terpolymer. The composition is capable of flowing, expanding and curing at temperatures below 300° F. Also disclosed is a method of making the sealant and a method of using the sealant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the aromatic proton peak shape in 400MHz 1H-NMR spectra for commercially available styrene-butadiene copolymers is classified into the five categories corresponding to the styrene sequence distribution obtained by ozonolysis-GPC.
Abstract: The aromatic proton peak shape in 400MHz 1H-NMR spectra for commercially available styrene-butadiene copolymers is classified into the five categories corresponding to the styrene sequence distribution obtained by ozonolysis-GPC. The relationship between the sequence length and peak splitting was also investigated.

Patent
12 Mar 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to improve heat resisting, compression restoring and stress relieving characteristics without any use of asbestos by providing both sides of a hook erection plate with a vulcanized substance layer of composition containing the predetermined amount of a gaseous phase growth carbon fiber, heat resisting organic fiber, rubber and a filler, and a chemical.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve heat resisting, compression restoring and stress relieving characteristics without any use of asbestos by providing both sides of a hook erection plate with a vulcanized substance layer of composition containing the predetermined amount of a gaseous phase growth carbon fiber, heat resisting organic fiber, rubber and a filler, and a chemical CONSTITUTION:A vulcanized rubber layer 2 containing fiber is formed on both sides of a hook erection steel plate 1 having a hook at both sides As the hook erection plate 1, a steel known as best can be used, and the vulcanized rubber layer 2 containing fiber is constituted with a vulcanized substance having a composition of 2 to 20 wt%of gaseous phase growth carbon fiber, 1 to 15 wt% of heat resisting organic fiber, 3 to 20 wt% of rubber, 30 to 90 wt% of a filler and a rubber chemical For the gaseous phase growth carbon fiber, a fabric carbon material or the like made via the gaseous phase growth of hydrocarbon or the like in the existence of a catalyst is used For the heat resisting organic fabric, aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyester or the like is used Also, acrylic rubber, styrene butadiene rubber or the like is used for the rubber, while talc, clay or the like is used as a filler

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three polymer composite matrix systems were evaluated: a styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), a carboxy terminated butyl nitrile (CTBN), and a PES toughened epoxy/dicyanate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different fillers such as lead silicate (amor phous or crystalline), burnt mazote boiler deposits (BMBD), aluminium oxide and ilmenite (FeTiO3) on the physical properties of different filled styrene-butadiene rubbers has been investigated.
Abstract: The effect of different inorganic fillers such as lead silicate (amor phous or crystalline), burnt mazote boiler deposits (BMBD), aluminium oxide and ilmenite (FeTiO3) on the physical properties of different filled styrene- butadiene rubbers (SBR) has been investigated. The rate of vulcanization was increased according to the following order: lead silicate (amorphous or crystal line) > BMBD > aluminium oxide > ilmenite.Lead silicate of different types and BMBD were found to increase the tensile strength and resistance to abrasion. Dielectric constants (∈) for some of the com posites were determined. The lower (∈) values were obtained in the presence of aluminium oxide, burnt mazote and ilmenite while those obtained in the pres ence of different types of lead silicate were found to be higher.

01 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the ozone resistance of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a tank pad compound and compared it to a fully sulfur cured system with 5% reproducibility.
Abstract: : This report is a continuation and extension of the work of the earlier Army contract, where the superiority of the electron beam cured styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) tank pads to the sulfur cured pads was demonstrated. The focus of the present study is the investigation of the extraordinary ozone resistance of our radiation cured SBR, and also on possible alternatives for SBR, butadiene rubber (BR) in particular, as a tank pad compound. Base formulations of a fully sulfur cured system were established with 5% reproducibility, and results were confirmed by mechanical properties measurements on identical formulations from Belvoir Research Development and Engineering Center (BRDEC). Constant mechanical properties as a function of exposure to ozone indicate either competitive cross-linking and scissioning reactions or a 'protective' effect caused by higher terminal vinyl concentrations in the radiation cured formulations.

Patent
05 Dec 1991
TL;DR: Rubber-modified, impact-resistant ABS molding materials are claimed in this paper, where the novelty is that rubber, a styrene-butadiene (SB) block copolymer and other polymer(s) are compatible with the polystyrene component of the rubber and also claimed is a process for the prodn. of (I), by radical polymerisation of (S) and (AN) by known methods in a reaction mixt. contg.
Abstract: Rubber-modified, impact-resistant ABS moulding materials (I) are claimed. (I) are obtd. by polymerisation of styrene (S) and acrylonitrile (AN) in a soln. of preformed rubber in (S), (AN) and opt. a solvent; the novelty is that (I) contains, as rubber, a styrene-butadiene (SB) block copolymer and other polymer(s) (II) which is/are compatible with the polystyrene component of the rubber and Also claimed is a process for the prodn. of (I), by radical polymerisation of (S) and (AN) by known methods in a reaction mixt. contg. (S), (AN), initiator, opt. a solvent, SB block copolymer rubber and (II). Pref., in addn. to the SB rubber, (I) also contains a polybutadiene rubber; (II) is polystyrene, poly(cyclohexyl) (meth)acrylate) and/or PPE. USE/ADVANTAGE - The addn. of (II) in combination with the SB rubber gives ABS (I) (esp. injection moulding materials) with a combination of high surface gloss and high notch impact resistance, which can be produced by soln. or bulk polymerisation. (22pp Dwg.No.0/0)