Submerged arc welding

About: Submerged arc welding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5558 publications have been published within this topic receiving 39592 citations.

Application of response surface methodology for predicting weld bead quality in submerged arc welding of pipes

Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) is a technique to determine and represent the cause and effect relationship between true mean responses and input control variables influencing the responses as a two or three dimensional hyper surface. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is used extensively in industry to join metals in the manufacture of pipes of different diameters and lengths. The main problem faced in the manufacture of pipes by the SAW process is the selection of the optimum combination of input variables for achieving the required qualities of weld. This problem can be solved by the development of mathematical models through effective and strategic planning and the execution of experiments by RSM. This paper highlights the use of RSM by designing a four-factor five-level central composite rotatable design matrix with full replication for planning, conduction, execution and development of mathematical models. These are useful not only for predicting the weld bead quality but also for selecting optimum process parameters for achieving the desired quality and process optimization.

The use of grey-based Taguchi methods to determine submerged arc welding process parameters in hardfacing

Abstract: In this paper, the use of grey-based Taguchi methods for the optimization of the submerged arc welding (SAW) process parameters in hardfacing with considerations of multiple weld qualities is reported. In this new approach, the grey relational analysis is adopted to solve the SAW process with multiple weld qualities. A grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis is used as the performance characteristic in the Taguchi method. Then, optimal process parameters are determined by using the parameter design proposed by the Taguchi method. Experimental results have shown that optimal SAW process parameters in hardfacing can be determined effectively so as to improve multiple weld qualities through this new approach.

Heat and mass transfer in gas metal arc welding. Part II: The metal

Abstract: A unified comprehensive model was developed to simulate the transport phenomena occurring during the gas metal arc welding process. An interactive coupling between arc plasma; melting of the electrode; droplet formation, detachment, transfer, and impingement onto the workpiece; and weld pool dynamics all were considered. Based on the unified model, a thorough investigation of the plasma arc characteristics during the gas metal arc welding process was conducted. It was found that the droplet transfer and the deformed weld pool surface have significant effects on the transient distributions of current density, arc temperature and arc pressure, which were normally assumed to be constant Gaussian profiles.

Electric arc welding

Abstract: 722,494. Supply systems for welding arcs. AIR REDUCTION CO., Inc. Dec. 8, 1952 [Dec. 28, 1951], No. 31074/52. Drawings to Specification. Class 38 (4). To permit the employment of a relatively low high-frequency (say 50 to 500 kcs. per sec.) current for starting and stabilizing a D.C. or low-frequency A.C. welding arc, the highfrequency inductor or transformer disposed in the welding circuit and necessary for the injection of the high-frequency current has a core of ferrite material or powdered iron and is arranged to saturate at normal welding currents so as to offer little impedance to the flow of welding current, but to be unsaturated by the high-frequency currents alone, so as to offer high impedance to these-and thus provide good injection of high-frequency currentwhen the arc extinguishes. The high-frequency generator may comprise a push-pull valve oscillator normally cut off by external bias, but triggered into oscillation by a voltage pulse induced in a winding of the injection transformer upon interruption of the flow of welding current.

Thermal efficiency of arc welding processes

Abstract: A study was conducted on the arc and melting efficiency of the plasma arc, gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, and submerged arc welding processes The results of this work are extended to develop a quantitative method for estimating weld metal dilution in a companion paper Arc efficiency was determined as a function of current for each process using A36 steel base metal Melting efficiency was evaluated with variations in arc power and travel speed during deposition of austenitic stainless steel filler metal onto A36 steel substrates The arc efficiency did not vary significantly within a given process over the range of currents investigated The consumable electrode processes exhibited the highest arc efficiency (084), followed by the gas tungsten arc (067) and plasma arc (047) processes Resistive heating of the consumable GMAW electrode was calculated to account for a significant difference in arc efficiency between the gas metal arc and gas tungsten arc processes A semi-empirical relation was developed for the melting efficiency as a function of net arc power and travel speed, which described the experimental data well An interaction was observed between the arc and melting efficiency A low arc efficiency factor limits the power delivered to the substrate which, in turn, limits the maximum travel speed for a given set of conditions High melting efficiency is favored by high arc powers and travel speeds As a result, a low arc efficiency can limit the maximum obtainable melting efficiency