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Subpixel rendering

About: Subpixel rendering is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3885 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82789 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A generalized physically-based reflectance model is described that relates the distribution of surface normals inside each pixel area to its reflectance function and is used to infer subpixel geometric structures on a surface of homogeneous material by spatially arranging the normals among pixels at a higher resolution than that of the input image.
Abstract: Conventional photometric stereo recovers one normal direction per pixel of the input image. This fundamentally limits the scale of recovered geometry to the resolution of the input image, and cannot model surfaces with subpixel geometric structures. In this paper, we propose a method to recover subpixel surface geometry by studying the relationship between the subpixel geometry and the reflectance properties of a surface. We first describe a generalized physically-based reflectance model that relates the distribution of surface normals inside each pixel area to its reflectance function. The distribution of surface normals can be computed from the reflectance functions recorded in photometric stereo images. A convexity measure of subpixel geometry structure is also recovered at each pixel, through an analysis of the shadowing attenuation. Then, we use the recovered distribution of surface normals and the surface convexity to infer subpixel geometric structures on a surface of homogeneous material by spatially arranging the normals among pixels at a higher resolution than that of the input image. Finally, we optimize the arrangement of normals using a combination of belief propagation and MCMC based on a minimum description length criterion on 3D textons over the surface. The experiments demonstrate the validity of our approach and show superior geometric resolution for the recovered surfaces.

27 citations

Patent
09 Oct 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a pixel defining layer is used for manufacturing the display substrate of an organic light-emitting diode, which is used to enable the climbing quantities of different kinds of solution on the corresponding pixel defining layers to be the same, thereby effectively improving the film forming uniformity of solution in the pixel regions.
Abstract: The invention discloses a pixel defining layer, a manufacturing method, a display substrate, and a display device, and belongs to the field of display. The pixel defining layer comprises a lyophilic material layer disposed on a substrate, and a lyophobic material layer which is disposed at one side, far from the substrate, of the lyophilic material layer. The pixel defining layer limits a plurality of pixel regions arranged in an array on the substrate, wherein each pixel region comprises at least two subpixel regions, and the thicknesses of lyophilic material layers of different subpixel regions in the same pixel region are set to be different. The pixel defining layer can enable the climbing quantities of different kinds of solution on the corresponding pixel defining layers to be the same, thereby effectively improving the film forming uniformity of solution in the pixel regions. The pixel defining layer is used for manufacturing the display substrate of an organic light-emitting diode.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the point spread function of double-aperture digital holography is determined and an experimental method for the determination of this shift with subpixel accuracy is given.
Abstract: The resolution of digital holography as an optical imaging system is described by the point spread function of the system. Here the point spread function of double-aperture digital holography is determined. It promises the possibility of a resolution increase by the use of synthetic apertures, where we combine the digital holograms of two CCD arrays in one large hologram and reconstruct, or we superpose coherently the two reconstructed wave fields after a proper shift. An experimental method for the determination of this shift with subpixel accuracy is given. Furthermore, experimental results on numerically reconstructed wave fields from synthetic holograms stemming from two mutually shifted digital holograms of the same scene are presented.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two methods to improve three hyperspectral stochastic algorithms for target detection were presented, i.e., constrained energy minimization, generalized likelihood ratio test, and adaptive coherence estimator.
Abstract: We present two methods to improve three hyperspectral stochastic algorithms for target detection; the algorithms are the constrained energy minimization, the generalized likelihood ratio test, and the adaptive coherence estimator. The original algorithms rely solely on spectral information and do not use spatial information; this usage is normally justified in subpixel target detection, since the target size is smaller than the size of a pixel. However, we found that since the background (and the false alarms) may be spatially correlated and the point spread function can distribute the energy of a point target between several neighboring pixels, the implementation of spatial filtering algorithms considerably improved target detection. Our first improvement used the local spatial mean and covariance matrices, which take into account the spatial local mean instead of the global mean. While this concept has been found in the literature, the effect of its implementation in both the estimated mean and the covariance matrix is examined quantitatively here. The second was based on the fact that the effect of a target of physical subpixel size will extend to a cluster of pixels. We tested our algorithms by using the data set and scoring methodology of the Rochester Institute of Technology Target Detection Blind Test project. The results showed that both spatial methods independently improved the basic spectral algorithms mentioned above, and when the two methods were used together, the results were even better.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main result is that the a priori choices to numerically shift the reference image modify DIC results and may lead to wrong conclusions in terms of DIC error assessment.

27 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202387
2022209
2021120
2020179
2019189
2018263