Showing papers on "Substitute natural gas published in 1973"

Commentary on and extension of calculative procedure for CO 2 production

Abstract: Further refinements are made in the method of calculating amounts of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuels Data available in the UN Statistical Yearbook are used as the basic sources rather than the summary, World Energy Supplies , UN Statistical Papers, Series J because the most recent data are available several months earlier in the yearbook and because data are included for natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, and cement production Coal, lignite, crude petroleum, “marketed” natural gas, flared natural gas, and cement are itemized separately and revised CO 2 emission estimates are made for each year from 1960 thru 1971 These estimates average 23% higher than Keeling's with the carbon dioxide production from flared gas being the largest difference Natural gas which is flared at the well accounts for over 2% of the total CO 2 produced from fossil fuels DOI: 101111/j2153-34901973tb00635x

Process for the production of substitute natural gas

Abstract: There is provided a process for the production of substitute natural gas (SNG) from carbonaceous materials such as hydrocarbon liquids including hydrocarbon fractions and/or solid carbonaceous fuels, by non-catalytic partial oxidation of the carbonaceous materials in the presence of process generated oxygen and high pressure steam, to form a gas stream containing principally hydrogen and oxides of carbon which are suitable for catalytic conversion to methane under conditions where sufficient waste heat is recovered in the form of high pressure steam to satisfy the steam requirements for the process and that necessary to drive compressors to produce oxygen from air as required by the partial oxidiation stage. A product gas stream containing up to 99.9% methane and less than 1 ppm sulfur compounds may be obtained. There may be included as part of the process a carburetion stage following the partial oxidation stage where intermediate hydrocarbon fractions are converted in part to methane and in part to hydrogen and the oxides of carbon.

Process for the production of synthesis gas and clean fuels

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the production of synthesis gas and clean fuels by the integration of fluid catalytic cracking and catalytic steam reforming. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a combination of process steps in which a heavy hydrocarbon oil is cracked in a heavy oil catalytic cracking unit to produce a cracked overhead effluent which is hydrogenated and the resulting saturated desulfurized effluent is reformed in a catalytic steam reforming unit to produce synthesis gas. Further, the disclosure relates to the production of substitute natural gas and to the production of substitute natural gas and low sulfur fuel oil by the multi-step processing of crude oil.

Synthetic natural gas production

Abstract: A process for the production of synthetic natural gas or town gas is described wherein the hot gaseous product of the partial combustion of a carbonaceous fuel, containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is passed into a carburetting zone at a temperature of from 700 to 1100 DEG C and therein enriched with a volatile hydrocarbon carburant which on evaporation into the hot gaseous product of partial combustion is thermally cracked into methane and lighter unsaturated hydrocarbons. The carburetted gas product is then passed into a hydrogenation zone maintained at a temperature sufficient to further decompose any remaining hydrocarbon carburant and to hydrogenate the unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this process coke formation in the carburetting zone is substantially minimized by introducing the volatile hydrocarbon carburant into the carburetting zone in the form of a thin layer of liquid which is maintained at a temperature below that at which thermal cracking occurs during the time the carburant is not adsorbed by the hot gas stream.

Production of methane-rich gas stream

Abstract: Improved process for the production of a methane-rich product gas stream comprising the following steps: partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel feed employing a H2O/fuel weight ratio of 2.2 to 2.9 and an atomic ratio of oxygen in the substantially pure oxygen to carbon in the fuel of 0.80 to 0.84 to produce a process gas stream comprising principally H2, CO and CH4 in which the mole ratio H2/CO is 1 to 2.5, the mole % CH4 is 15 or more, and the particulate carbon is 13 weight % (basis carbon in the fuel) or less; cooling the process gas stream and separating H2O, CO2, carbon, and gaseous impurities; reacting together the H2 and CO in said process gas stream in a catalytic methanation zone to produce a methane-rich gas stream principally comprising CH4 and containing gaseous members selected from the group consisting of H2, CO, H2O, CO2, and mixtures thereof; and removing said H2O and CO2 to produce a methane-rich product gas stream comprising about 93 mole percent of CH 4. By means of the subject invention there is produced a high heating value clean fuel gas or a substitute natural gas of about 960 BTU per SCF or more.

Process for the production of a substitute natural gas

Abstract: Substitute Natural Gas is produced by passing methanol vapour, optioally admixed with a minor proportion of recycle carbon dioxide, through a bed of nickel catalyst in an isothermal reactor and removing carbon dioxide from the product gas, the methanol vapour being passed into the catalyst bed at a temperature of at least 250°C, preferably about 250°C, and the bed being maintained at a temperature of from 250°C to 350°C, preferably about 300°C, by external cooling with boiling water at a steam pressure of at least 550 psig.

Process for making synthetic fuel gas from crude oil

Abstract: A synthetic fuel gas is produced from crude oil by a combination of inter-related steps which separate the oil into several fractions, a first ethane and lighter gaseous fraction, a further gas fraction containing propane and butane, a gasoline containing fraction boiling up to, about 400* F, and a heavy oil or residual fraction, the first two fractions are treated with caustic to remove sulfur and sulfur compounds therefrom, the third fraction is hydrodesulfurized and the fourth fraction is catalytically cracked to extinction to produce gaseous products and an additional gasoline fraction which is hydrodesulfurized whereupon all except the first fraction are combined and then converted by known operation to produce a synthetic natural gas or fuel. This gas or fuel can be combined with the first gas fraction either before or after hydrogen has been removed from it.