Showing papers on "Substitute natural gas published in 1985"

Combination air-blown and oxygen-blown underground coal gasification process

Abstract: Use of an air-blown underground coal gasification plant to produce low-Btu gas thereby providing boiler fuel needed for an oxygen-blown underground coal gasification plant. The product from the oxygen-blown plant can be used for the production of synthetic natural gas or other uses. A preferred production gasification is also shown.

Natural gas substitutes from coal and oil

Abstract: Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this natural gas substitutes from coal and oil, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?

Underground Coal Gasification Review

Abstract: Underground coal gasification appears to be one of the most attractive sources of feedstock to produce synfuels from coal because the process can produce methanol and substitute natural gas at prices competitive with existing energy sources. Savings in the form of reduced oil and gas imports from the first year of commercial operations would pay for the entire R&D budget necessary to perfect the underground coal gasification process. The technical feasibility of underground coal gasification has been well established by 21 small scale field tests carried out in the U.S. since 1973. Cost estimates based on the resultant data are encouraging. Methanol is estimated to cost $0.52/gal (without tax) and SNG is estimated to cost $5.19/106 Btu, all in 1982 dollars. The environmental effects associated with the technology appear to be acceptable. Successful commercialization of the process would probably triple the proven reserves of U.S. coal, which would be sufficient to last for hundreds of years. At this stage of development, underground coal gasification is a high risk technology and will remain so until large scale field tests are successfully carried out. These tests are recommended by the Gas Research Institute and by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. A seven year program costing about $200 million would permit initial commercial production in ten years. A recent small scale field test, the Centralia Partial Seam CRIP test, was very successful. Steam and oxygen was employed to gasify 2000 tons of coal over a 30 day period, producing 250 Btu/scf gas. A larger scale test is presently being planned for Centralia, Washington, involving the U.S. DOE and an industrial consortium led by the Gas Research Institute. This underground coal gasification review is based in part on a recent status report (Stephens et al, 1985). We thank the publishers of Mineral Processing and Technology Review for granting permission to reproduce portions of that article.

Status of Underground Coal Gasification

Abstract: Underground coal gasification appears to be one of the most attractive routes for synfuels from coal because the process can produce methanol and substitute natural gas at prices competitive with existing energy sources. The technical feasibility of underground coal gasification has been well established by small scale field tests. Cost estimates based on the resultant data are favorable. The environmental effects associated with the technology appear to be acceptable. Successful commercialization of the process would probably triple the proven reserves of U.S. coal, which would be sufficient to last for hundreds of years. At this stage of development, underground coal gasification is a high risk technology and will remain so until large scale field tests are successfully carried out. These tests are recommended by the Gas Research Institute and by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. A seven year program costing about $200 million would permit initial commercial production in ten years.

Preparation of synthetic natural gas from coke oven gas

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare synthetic natural gas with a high calorific value, by performing a specified treatment of coke oven gas to which CO-rich producer gas has been added CONSTITUTION:Gas 21 generated in a battery of coke ovens 1 is led into a group of processing units 2 for removal of tar, desulphurization, removal of ammonia, etc to produce refined coke oven gas 24 CO-rich gas 25 generated in a producer 3 is passed through a dust collector 4 and a desulfurizer 5 and is mixed with the gas 24 to obtain a raw material gas 26 The gas 26 is led into a 1st- step reaction tower 9 through a pressurizing unit 7 and a gas purifier 8 of a synthetic natural gas production equipment 6 for reaction of CO with H2 in the presence of a catalyst to form 1-4C hydrocarbon and obtain intermediate gas 29 The gas 29 is fed into a 2nd-step reaction tower 9' for interaction of remaining CO2 and H2 in the presence of a catalyst to form CH4 and is then introduced into an adsorption unit 11 filled with adsorbent having a molecular sieve function for removal of incombustible and low-calorie components

Status of underground coal gasification

Abstract: Underground coal gasification appears to be one of the most attractive routes for synfuels from coal because the process can produce methanol and substitute natural gas at prices competitive with existing energy sources. The technical feasibility of underground coal gasification has been well established by small-scale field tests. Cost estimates based on the resultant data are favorable. The environmental effects associated with the technology appear to be acceptable. Successful commercialization of the process would probably triple the proven reserves of US coal, which would be sufficient to last for hundreds of years. At this stage of development, underground coal gasification is a high-risk technology and will remain so until large-scale field tests are successfully carried out. These tests are recommended by the Gas Research Institute and by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. A 7-yr program costing about $200 million would permit initial commercial production in 10 yr.

Gasification of Coal in Practical Flames

Abstract: Gasification of coal is a process which occurs when coal or char is reacted with an oxidizer to produce a fuel-rich product. Principal reactants are coal, oxygen, steam, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, while desired products are usually carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane. The principal purpose for gasifying coal is to produce a gaseous, fuel-rich product. Potential uses of this product are for: 1. Production of substitute natural gas. 2. Use as a synthesis gas for subsequent production of alcohols, gasoline, plastics, etc. 3. Use as a gaseous fuel for generation of electrical power. 4. Use as a gaseous fuel for production of industrial steam or heat.

On the Application of Acoustic Emission Analysis to Evaluate the Integrity of Protective Coatings on High-Temperature Alloys

Abstract: Protective coatings extend the range of applications for materials. Surface properties can be selectively adapted for each problem. Thus bare high-temperature alloys for heat exchanging units used e.g. in high-temperature systems for producing substitute natural gas do not have sufficient protection against undesirable tritium permeation from the helium primary gas into the substitute natural gas generated. A chromium oxide coating, on the other hand, of only a few µm in thickness ensures a barrier effect combined with an inhibitive factor H = 10001.

Update on the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project

Abstract: The Great Plains Gasification Plant is the US's first commercial synthetic fuels project based on coal conversion. The ANG Coal Gasification Company is the administer of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project for the United States Department of Energy. The Project is designed to convert 14 M TPD of North Dakota of lignite into 137.5 MM SCFD of pipeline quality synthetic natural gas (SNG). Located in Mercer County, North Dakota, the gasification plant, and an SNG pipeline. Some 12 years passed from the time the project was conceived unit it became a reality by producing SNG into the Northern Border pipeline in 1984 for use by millions of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. In this paper, the basic processes utilized in the plant are presented. This is followed by a discussion of the start-up activities and schedule. Finally, some of the more interesting start-up problems are described.