Showing papers on "Substitute natural gas published in 2004"
TL;DR: The AFTUR project as mentioned in this paper aims to extend this capability to a wider range of potentially commercial fuel types, including those of lower calorific value produced by gasification of biomass (LHV).
114 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical, economic, and ecological feasibility of co-production of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) transportation liquids and substitute natural gas (SNG) per year was studied.
Abstract: The technical, economic, and ecological feasibility was studied of theco-production of 50 PJ of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) transportation liquids and 150 PJ of substitute natural gas (SNG) per year (i.e. 10% of the 2001 Dutch consumption). In the co-production concepts part of the SNG is produced by methanation of the FT off-gas, which already contains significant amounts of C1-C4 SNG compounds. The additional required SNG is produced by dedicated methanation of part of the gasification product gas. Co-production results in higher biomass-to-fuel efficiencies, lower biomass input requirements, and less negative net present values (NPVs) compared to the case of complete separate production of both fuels. Co-production concepts based on pressurised oxygen-blown and indirect gasification result in the lowest CO2 emission reduction costs of about 100 ?/tonne. Co-production of ?green? Fischer-Tropsch transportation fuels and ?green? SNG will be an economic feasible process in the Netherlands, when both energy carriers receive the same tax exemptions as currently is given to green electricity or at crude mineral oil prices above 56 $/bbl.
24 citations
Patent•
17 Nov 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a process and apparatus for converting a coal into a substitute natural gas generates raw gas in a conventional coal gasification unit and passes at least a portion of the raw gas into a partial-oxidation unit to convert the at least portion of raw gas to a secondary raw synthesis gas substantially devoid of higher hydrocarbons.
Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting a coal into a substitute natural gas generates raw gas in a conventional coal gasification unit and passes at least a portion of the raw gas into a partial oxidation unit to convert the at least portion of the raw gas into a secondary raw synthesis gas substantially devoid of higher hydrocarbons. Optionally, the raw gas is quenched and only the resulting condensate is passed to the partial oxidation unit for conversion to the secondary raw synthesis gas.
20 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The Great Plains Synfuels Plant, located near Beulah, North Dakota, is the only commercial-scale gasification plant operating in the United States that produces Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from coal as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Great Plains Synfuels Plant, located near Beulah, North Dakota, is the only commercialscale gasification plant operating in the United States that produces Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from coal. The plant is owned and operated by Dakota Gasification Company (DGC), which is a subsidiary of Basin Electric Power Cooperative (BEPC), based in Bismarck, North Dakota. The concept for the Synfuels Plant began in the 1970’s and grew from a desire to alleviate the United States dependence on foreign oil. Today upwards of 150 million standard cubic feet per day of SNG are produced and exported to consumers throughout the Midwest via the Northern Border Pipeline. Numerous by-products, including anhydrous ammonia, ammonium sulfate fertilizer, phenol, cresylic acid, krypton/xenon, naphtha and carbon dioxide (CO2) have been added to the list of products enhancing the viability of the facility. Since the conception of the plant, the idea was envisioned of adding CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to the list of by-products. In October 2000, this became a reality when Dakota Gasification Company began exporting up to 95 million standard cubic feet per day of highpressure CO2 from the Synfuels Plant. The CO2 is delivered through a 205-mile pipeline to EnCana Corporation’s Weyburn Oil Fields in Saskatchewan, Canada, where it is injected into depleting oil formations to increase production and lengthen the life of the field. The feed gas to the carbon dioxide unit was previously a low value fuel, and has now become a source of revenue to the company. Although this project has presented many challenges to both Dakota Gasification and EnCana, it has proven to be a technical and economic success. In addition, the EOR project has led to an
16 citations
08 Nov 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide and analyze basic information concerning the gas to liquids industry (GTL) industry to inform debate on broad energy legislation, as well as more specific natural gas legislation on supply issues including an Alaskan natural gas pipeline and LNG facility development.
Abstract: This report provides and analyzes basic information concerning the gas to liquids industry (GTL) industry to inform debate on broad energy legislation, as well as more specific natural gas legislation on supply issues including an Alaskan natural gas pipeline as well as LNG facility development.
5 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A growth rate above 8% per year is predicted for some regions in some regions of the world as mentioned in this paper, but very often the quality of the raw natural gas is not good.
Abstract: Natural gas demand for the production of pipeline gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG) or as feedstock for the production of chemicals, such as methanol or fertilizers is growing worldwide. A growth rate above 8% per year is predicted for some regions. Proven natural gas reserves are growing, too. But very often the quality of the raw