Substitute natural gas

About: Substitute natural gas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1216 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23604 citations. The topic is also known as: synthetic natural gas.

The Gas to Liquids Industry and Natural Gas Markets

Abstract: This report provides and analyzes basic information concerning the gas to liquids industry (GTL) industry to inform debate on broad energy legislation, as well as more specific natural gas legislation on supply issues including an Alaskan natural gas pipeline as well as LNG facility development.

Mesoporous ni-x-al2o3 xerogel catalyst, preparation method thereof, and method for preparing methane using said catalyst

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mesoporous nickel-X-alumina xerogel catalyst (X=an active metal including nickel) using two active metals manufactured by a single process, a manufacturing method thereof and a manufacturing method for methane using the catalyst in the methanation reaction of carbon dioxide and, more specifically, to a manufacturing method for methane (synthetic natural gas) by the methanation reaction of carbon dioxide in a continuous flow type reactor by using the nickel-X-alumina mixed xerogel catalyst which has a carbon dioxide conversion rate of 50-70% in methanation reaction, wherein the X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Zr, Y, Zn, Ce, La, Sm, Mg and Ca The present invention provides the manufacturing method for the mesoporous nickel-X-alumina xerogel catalyst with excellent reproducibility by using a single sol-gel method, has a high resistibility against carbon deposition and sintering reaction due to heating of methanation reaction by using the manufacturing method and is able to obtain an excellent catalyst with excellent rereduction capacity of an oxidized metal catalyst Additionally, the present invention provides a manufacturing method for methane with excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide in which the dissociation energy of carbon monoxide which is an important property of methanation reaction by using the catalyst and has excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide

Coal natural gas methanation technology and system thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a coal natural gas methanation technology and a system thereof. The problems that in the existing methanation technology, system operation reliability awaits improvement, reaction temperature and reaction balance control is hard, catalyst service life is short, and a metal dust reaction is easy to happen are solved. The coal natural gas methanation technology comprises the steps that purified gas from an upstream purifying device sequentially passes four series-connection methane reactors, a number2 boiler water supply preheater and a number2 separator to obtain synthetic natural gas, the purified gas and boiler supplied water which is supplied at intervals are sprayed by an ejector in a mixed mode, then the temperature of the purified gas rises to 280-350 DEG C through a purified gas preheater, and the purified gas and steam after separation through a number1 separator are mixed and then sent to the four series-connection methane reactors. The technology is simple, device operation and investment cost is low, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the system is high in operation stability, long in service life of catalysts, and good in heat energy recovery effect.

Conversion of Biocompounds to Methane using Advanced Reforming Processes

Abstract: The conversion of biomass to synthetic natural gas (SNG) draws great interest in the world because it is a sustainable energy resource, where it can replace the fossil natural gas and reduce environmental problems. Common technologies for CH4 production are based on the gasification of biomass at high temperature followed by CO and CO2 methanation, but it is energetically costly and complex, requiring separate reforming stages due to the heavy tar production from the gasification process, and multiple cooling stages of the methanation due to the large exothermicity of this equilibrium driven reaction. Therefore, the main focus of this research was to attempt to address these issues by introducing the low temperature steam reforming (LTSR) process of bio-oil for CH4 production via fast pyrolysis of biomass using palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) as the biomass feedstock, a significant renewable waste of the palm oil industry, currently underexploited. One advantage of proposing the pyrolysis route vs. gasification, was the conversion of PEFB into bio-oil without generation of heavy tars, and at lower temperature than gasification due to the lower endothermicity of the chemical process favouring oil product rather than gas. Another advantage was the lower exothermicity of the subsequent methanation step by using bio-oil as feed rather than CO and CO2. It was intended that bringing closer the enthalpy changes of the gasification by pyrolysis and of the methanation by feedstock substitution, would improve the efficiencies of heat transfers between the two. Chemical Equilibrium and Applications (CEA) program was used to analyse thermodynamic equilibrium for conversion PEFB bio-oil to CH4 using LTSR process. It was found that CH4 production was favoured in the 130–330 oC range and at around molar steam to carbon ratio of 3 at atmospheric pressure. Using the optimum conditions observed from the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, the experimental feasibility of CH4 production from acetic acid as single compound bio-oil surrogate via LTSR was performed at bench scale by using nickel-calcium aluminate (Ni/Ca-Al2O3) catalyst in a packed bed reactor. The optimum conditions for CH4 production were obtained at 400 oC and S/C of 2 with 15.7 wt.% at atmospheric pressure. As undesirable carbon formation on the catalyst was observed during the experiments, it is suggested to operate at higher pressure (20–30 bar), which is commonly used in the CO and CO2 methanation industrial processes. Based on the Aspen Plus simulation results for the full flow biorefinery of CH4 production from PEFB via fast pyrolysis followed by LTSR of the bio-oil, the estimated thermal efficiencies were 74.3% (net power and heat demand not included in the process) and 81.1% (net power and heat demand included in the process) were comparable to the current biomass gasification technology to CH4 production via syngas followed by CO and CO2 methanation.

Formation of Synthesis Gas Using Solar Concentrator Photovoltaics (SCPV) and High Temperature Co-electrolysis (HTCE) of CO2 and H2O

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is considered a greenhouse gas (GHG) that reflects solar radiation and consequently increases the temperature of the earth. Many countries are now considering putting a tax on CO2 emissions that will increase the cost of products that are associated with those emissions. The most common method currently considered for dealing with CO2 emissions is the capture of the gas, pressurization, and then sequestration in either rock formations or saline aquifers. This is relatively costly in both capital investment and operation of the equipment. Also, there is the possibility that this CO2 will escape at some point in the future subjecting the company in question to an uncertain risk. Ceramatec has been investigating an alternative approach that converts the CO2 into a useful product that can then be sold. Using solid oxide fuel cell materials in conjunction with a non-carbon source of energy it is possible to generate synthesis gas (CO and H2) and oxygen from CO2 and H2O. SCPV (Solar Concentrator Photovoltaic) systems are the most efficient generators of solar electricity and generate high quality heat at the same time. HTCE (High Temperature Co-electrolysis) uses both the solar electricity and the heat to electrolyze the CO2 and H2O at double the total cycle efficiency of traditional electrolysis. The synthesis gas that is produced can be used to produce synthetic fuels such as synthetic natural gas or Fischer Tropsch liquid fuels, or chemicals. This paper will discuss this alternative approach to the disposal of CO2. This approach has the following advantages: permanent disposal, usable product, storage of solar energy in fuel, reduction of GHG, reduction in solar radiation, and no additional GHG.