Topic
Substitute natural gas
About: Substitute natural gas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1216 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23604 citations. The topic is also known as: synthetic natural gas.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the most promising skeletal nickel catalysts and Ru/C granular were tested in a continuously operating catalyst test rig, under demanding conditions (high feed concentrations, 10−20%wt%, and high space velocities, 2−34g organics ǫ(g catalyst Âh) −1 ) at 30-MPa and around 400°C.
Abstract: Catalyst stability and tolerance towards dissolved inorganics are the main challenges for successful hydrothermal gasification of wet biomass. A continuously operating catalyst test rig was built. Synthetic liquefied wood (phenol, anisole, ethanol, formic and acetic acid) was chosen to represent real biomass. After initial screening in a batch reactor, the most promising skeletal nickel catalysts and Ru/C granular were tested in the new rig, under demanding conditions (high feed concentrations, 10–20 wt%, and high space velocities, 2–34 g organics (g catalyst h) −1 ) at 30 MPa and around 400 °C. Skeletal nickel catalysts sintered rapidly but Ru/C was stable during 220 h of testing. The inorganic salt tolerance was examined by co-feeding Na 2 SO 4 . Ru/C deactivated over time; a possible mechanism was identified as irreversible sulfate bonding to Ru III being formed in the redox cycle of biomass gasification.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated approach for the operation of a biogas-based Sabatier process was put forward, which was then verified using a lab scale heterogenous methanation reactor.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of exergy analysis for a biomass-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) conversion process based on wood gasification, which is analyzed for different gasification conditions like temperature and pressure.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-consistent design, simulation and cost analysis framework for large-scale systems suitable for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG), methanol or gasoline (MTG) is presented.
Abstract: Large-scale systems suitable for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG), methanol or gasoline (MTG) are examined using a self-consistent design, simulation and cost analysis framework. Three basic production routes are considered: (1) production from biomass via gasification; (2) from carbon dioxide and electricity via water electrolysis; (3) from biomass and electricity via hybrid process combining elements from routes (1) and (2). Process designs are developed based on technologies that are either commercially available or successfully demonstrated at precommercial scale. The prospective economics of future facilities coproducing fuels and district heat are evaluated from the perspective of a synthetic fuel producer. The levelised production costs range from 18–37 €/GJ for natural gas, 21–40 €/GJ for methanol and 23–48 €/GJ for gasoline, depending on the production route. For a given end-product, the lowest costs are associated with thermochemical plant configurations, followed by hybrid and electrochemical plants.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the catalysts are tested for high temperature methanation, taking into account these challenges, in order to allow for more competitive and flexible plant design for substitute natural gas (SNG) production.
92 citations