Topic
Substitute natural gas
About: Substitute natural gas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1216 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23604 citations. The topic is also known as: synthetic natural gas.
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TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that atomic step sites play the important role as the active sites of the reaction and maintain the activity and stability of the catalyst after exposure to high temperatures.
Abstract: Manufacture of substitute natural gas (SNG) using high temperature methanation of synthesis gas is becoming important due to high energy prices, a wish for a stable energy supply, and diminishing natural gas in some areas. Maintaining the activity and stability of the catalyst after exposure to high temperatures is crucial for the process. At 600 °C, loss of active surface area proceeds via the atom migration sintering mechanism. The methanation reaction is structure sensitive and it is suggested that atomic step sites play the important role as the active sites of the reaction.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a joint research project for storing electric energy from renewable sources in the natural gas grid-water electrolysis and synthesis of gas components, which was funded by BMBF and aimed at developing viable concepts for the storage of excess electrical energy from wind and solar power plants.
Abstract: This article presents some crucial findings of the joint research project entitled «Storage of electric energy from renewable sources in the natural gas grid-water electrolysis and synthesis of gas components». The project was funded by BMBF and aimed at developing viable concepts for the storage of excess electrical energy from wind and solar power plants. The concept presented in this article suggests the conversion of CO2-containing gases into methane in a pressurized reactor using hydrogen produced via electrolysis. The produced gas can be upgraded to synthetic natural gas (SNG) and fed into the well-developed German natural gas grid. This concept benefits from the high storage capacity of the German gas grid and does not require any extensions of the current gas or power grid. The reaction heat released by the exothermic methanation reaction leads to a temperature rise of the gas in the fixed bed catalyst of the reactor. The conversion of carbon dioxide is limited in accordance to the chemical equilibrium which depends strongly on temperature and pressure. For maximum carbon dioxide conversion, it is convenient to split the methanation into several stages adding cooling sections in between. This article focuses on the methanation process and its transfer onto an industrial scale evaluating the different plant capacities and feedstock mixtures used. The methanation takes place in a staged fixed bed reactor. This staged reactor concept is an in-house development based on know-how from the sulfuric acid production technology.
260 citations
Patent•
05 Dec 1985TL;DR: In this article, the use of an air-blown underground coal gasification plant to produce low-Btu gas thereby providing boiler fuel needed for an oxygen-battery-powered underground coal coal gasifier was discussed.
Abstract: Use of an air-blown underground coal gasification plant to produce low-Btu gas thereby providing boiler fuel needed for an oxygen-blown underground coal gasification plant. The product from the oxygen-blown plant can be used for the production of synthetic natural gas or other uses. A preferred production gasification is also shown.
259 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for synthetic natural gas production were systematically investigated by tuning a number of parameters, including NiO and MgO loading, calcination temperature, space velocity, H2/CO ratio, reaction pressure, and time.
Abstract: CO methanation reaction over the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for synthetic natural gas production was systematically investigated by tuning a number of parameters, including using different commercial Al2O3 supports and varying NiO and MgO loading, calcination temperature, space velocity, H2/CO ratio, reaction pressure, and time, respectively. The catalytic performance was greatly influenced by the above-mentioned parameters. Briefly, a large surface area of the Al2O3 support, a moderate interaction between Ni and the support Al2O3, a proper Ni content (20 wt %), and a relatively low calcination temperature (400 °C) promoted the formation of small NiO particles and reducible β-type NiO species, which led to high catalytic activities and strong resistance to the carbon deposition, while addition of a small amount of MgO (2 wt %) could improve the catalyst stability by reducing the carbon deposition; other optimized conditions that enhanced the catalytic performance included high reaction pressure (3.0 MPa), high H2...
256 citations
249 citations