Substitute natural gas

About: Substitute natural gas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1216 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23604 citations. The topic is also known as: synthetic natural gas.

Hydrocracking process for the production of synthetic fuels

Abstract: This invention is a process for the continuous and simultaneous retorting and hydrocracking of the carbonaceous materials found in such carbon containing solids as oil shale, coal, tar sands, lignite, and/or other carbon containing solids, and/or heavy liquids to produce low boiling liquid hydro-carbons and/or a gaseous product suitable for the subsequent production of methane or synthetic natural gas. It is a process by which high to very high molecular weight carbonaceous materials can be effectively and economically converted at high yields to either a low boiling crude of from 30° to 60° API gravity or a gas suitable for the subsequent production of methane, or both. The process consists of creating a catalytically reactive mass, whose active component is activated spent shale, in a reaction zone to which is fed oil shale or a mixture of oil shale and other carbonaceous feeds to be liquified-gasified, and the liquifying-gasifying agents, steam and oxygen; and from which is obtained a low boiling liquid hydrocarbon and gas, and spent shale and ash which are essentially free of any carbonaceous residue. The temperature at which the reaction zone is operated determines to a great extent the relative distribution of the products between liquids and gases. The higher the temperature the greater will be the percentage of the feed which is gasified.

A Comparison of Life-Cycle Emissions of Liquid Biofuels and Liquid and Gaseous Fossil Fuels in the Transport Sector

Abstract: It has been claimed that the use of transport fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leads to reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to the conventional petroleum transport fuels, motor spirit and automotive diesel fuel. While it is certainly true that the ‘tailpipe’ greenhouse gas emissions during combustion of CNG and LPG are lower per km travelled than those of motor spirit and diesel, on a full ‘well to wheel’ life-cycle analysis there is little if any difference due to the high processing overheads involved in the production of CNG and LPG. If the fugitive emissions that may occur during CNG and LPG production, transmission and use are also taken into account, then their total greenhouse gas emissions per GJ or per km travelled may actually be considerably higher than those of motor spirit and diesel. On the other hand, the use of biofuels such as triglyceride esters and ethanol may lead to lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines some of the issues relating to the life-cycle emissions of various petroleum fuels, gaseous fuels and biofuels and provides a brief review of recent research in this area.

Numerical Simulation of CO Methanation for the Production of Synthetic Natural Gas in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Abstract: In order to obtain the characteristics of the CO methanation process, numerical simulations are carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results of the gas composition with experimental data. The influences of the operational parameters on H2 conversion and CH4 yield are evaluated. The CO conversion and selectivity of CH4 increase with rising pressure but decrease with rising temperature. The increase of the catalyst inventory leads to difficulty in removing the reaction heat and reducing the production of CH4. The superficial gas velocity influences the production of methane slightly but not the reaction rates. Moreover, the CH4 production and CO conversion decrease with the decrease of the H2/CO ratio of feed composition. Meanwhile, the performance of the water–gas shift reaction on the CH4 yield is also analyzed. The addition of water into the feed composition benefits the production of methane and the CO conversion.

Substituted natural gas via hydrocarbon steam reforming

Abstract: A multiple-stage hydrocarbon steam reforming process for producing a methane-rich substitute natural gas. A portion of the first stage efluent is condensed, water is removed therefrom and the remainder is recycled to combine with the fresh charge stock to the first stage. Following one stage of methanation, or shift conversion, both steam and carbon dioxide are removed prior to effecting additional reactions in a second methanation stage.

Effect of reaction variables on CO methanation process over NiO–La2O3–MgO/Al2O3 catalyst for coal to synthetic natural gas

Abstract: Reaction variables for methanation process were investigated using self-independently developed NiO–La2O3–MgO/Al2O3 catalyst in a big lab scale reactor. The effects of reaction parameters, such as temperature, pressure, H2/CO flow ratio and space velocity on the activity of methanation catalyst were studied. 100 % CO conversion and 95 % of selectivity of methane can be achieved at 400 °C and 3 MPa with the feed ratio of H2/CO as 3.25:1 and space velocity of 12,000 h−1.The optimization reaction parameters were suggested on the basis of this work for the further development and commercialization of methanation catalyst.