Substitute natural gas

About: Substitute natural gas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1216 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23604 citations. The topic is also known as: synthetic natural gas.

Synthesis of grid compliant substitute natural gas from a representative biogas mixture in a hybrid Ni/Ru catalysed reactor

Abstract: We demonstrate biogas upgrading towards full CO2 conversion in mild conditions in a three-step reactor system using Ru- and Ni-based catalysts. In each of the three reactor stages, the temperature is carefully controlled, thus optimizing the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, resulting in a maximized global CO2 conversion. At ambient pressure, 92% conversion can be achieved over a commercial Ru/Al2O3 catalyst at a space velocity of 2 L/h/gcat in every stage. At 2 bar conversion is enhanced to above 99%. It is possible to substitute the Ru-based catalyst in the first stage with a cheaper Ni-based catalyst, shifting the first-stage temperature to higher values forming also CO. CO has a positive effect on the following step since CO is converted to CH4 in the CO methanation reaction. In this way, it is possible to achieve the same final conversion compared to the Ru-operated reactor system using Ni in the first reactor stage.

Production of Substitute Natural Gas by Biomass Hydrogasification

Abstract: Hydrogen, generated from renewable sources, is likely to play a major role in the future energy supply. The storage and transport of hydrogen can take place in its free form (H2), or chemically bound, e.g. as methane. However, the storage and transport of hydrogen in its free form are more complex, and probably would require more energy than the storage and transport of hydrogen in chemical form. An additional important advantage of the indirect use of hydrogen as energy carrier is, that in the future renewable energy supply, parts of the existing large-scale energy infrastructure could still be used. Production of Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) by biomass hydrogasification has been assessed as a process for chemical storage of hydrogen. Thermodynamic analysis has shown the feasibility of this process. The product gas of the process has a Wobbe-index, a mole percentage methane, and a calorific value quite comparable to the quality of the Dutch natural gas. With a hydrogen content below 10 mol%, the produced SNG can be transported through the existing gas net without any additional adjustment. The integrated system has an energetic efficiency of 81% (LHV). In the long term, the required hydrogen for this process can be produced by water electrolysis, with electricity from renewable sources. In the short term, hydrogen may be obtained from hydrogen-rich gases available as by-product from industrial processes. Results of thermodynamic analysis of the process and experimental work, application potentials of the process in the Netherlands, and plans for future development are presented.

Upgrading of Methane from Biogas by Pressure Swing Adsorption

Abstract: The researches about upgrading of methane from biogas by pressure swing absorption are introduced in this paper. Biogas contains 55~70% methane (CH4) which is the main component of natural gas. If other components of biogas are removed, biogas is upgraded to SNG (Substitute Natural Gas). The processes of upgrading of methane from biogas by PSA or VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption) are presented. Different techniques which are used for upgrading of biogas are evaluated. Finally, prospect about this process is made.

Integration of an Electrolysis Unit for Producer Gas Conditioning in a Bio-Synthetic Natural Gas Plant

Abstract: Producer gas from biomass gasification contains impurities like tars, particles, alkali salts, and sulfur/nitrogen compounds. As a result, a number of process steps are required to condition the pr ...

Alkali carbonate and nickel catalysis of coal-steam gasification. [Use of K carbonate and/or Ni; 20 wt. % K carbonate produces optimum gasification results]

Abstract: Bench-scale investigations are continuing on the NRRI Coal Conversion Process at the Department of Mineral Engineering, University of Wyoming, under the sponsorship of the Office of Coal Research, Department of the Interior. The process uses a multiple catalyst composed of an alkali carbonate and a nickel methanation catalyst in a one-stage batch charge reactor to convert coal and steam to synthetic natural gas. A gas of over 800 Btu/SCF (CO/sub 2/ free) composed predominantely of methane has been produced at 650/sup 0/C and 32 psia. Under these conditions significant improvements on the methane yields are realized by employing the alkali carbonate along with the nickel catalyst. By optimizing the amount of alkali carbonate, the total methane yield can be increased by over 40 percent. The methane yields are discussed in regard to varying amounts of the alkali carbonate. Supporting analytical and x-ray diffraction data are presented.