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Substrate (chemistry)

About: Substrate (chemistry) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 35902 publications have been published within this topic receiving 740722 citations. The topic is also known as: enzyme substrate.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) powders were used to connect substrate and hydroxyapatite (HA) in order to reduce the HA decomposition due to ion migration from the metal substrate into the HA.
Abstract: Nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) powders were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and electrophoretically deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates. The powders were calcined before the deposition process in order to obtain crack-free coating surfaces. As an inner layer between Ti6Al4V substrate and HA coating, nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) powders were deposited, using different coating voltages, in order to connect substrate and HA tightly. Moreover, this layer is considered to be acting as a diffusion barrier, reducing the HA decomposition due to ion migration from the metal substrate into the HA. After the sintering stage, adhesion strengths of coatings were measured by shear testing, phase changes were studied by X-ray diffraction, and coating morphology was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy observations. Results showed that usage of the TiO 2 inner layer prevented HA decomposition. Furthermore, decreasing the voltage used in TiO 2 deposition resulted in crack-free surfaces and increased adhesion strength of the overall coating.

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The active site and mechanism of D-xylose isomerase have been probed by determination of the crystal structures of the enzyme bound to various substrates, inhibitors and cations and it is concluded that this is an analogue of the Michaelis complex.

158 citations

Patent
05 Nov 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a contiguous multilayer membrane for use with an electrochemical sensor is prepared comprising a first relatively nonporous dense polymer layer, a second polymer layer less dense and more porous than the first layer, an enzyme layer containing an enzyme and a fourth polygonal layer less denser and more robust than the second layer.
Abstract: A contiguous multilayer membrane for use with an electrochemical sensor is prepared comprising a first relatively nonporous dense polymer layer, a second polymer layer less dense and more porous than the first layer, a third layer containing an enzyme and a fourth polymer layer less dense and more porous than the first layer The polymer is preferably cellulose acetate and the second and fourth layers are prepared with a solvent and nonsolvent for the polymer The membrane may contain multiple enzyme layers separated by a polymer layer The multilayer membrane provides advantages of higher substrate conversion, homogeneous distribution of enzyme and/or minimized interference with analyte diffusion

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mesoporous TiO2 substrate and bifunctional linker, mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), were used to disperse and stabilize the CdS QDs.
Abstract: To accomplish the more effective coupling of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs), the mesoporous TiO2 substrate and bifunctional linker, mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), were used to disperse and stabilize the CdS QDs. Due to the porous nano-architecture on the TiO2 substrate with large surface area and high crystallinity, the efficiency of degradation of organic compounds in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation is greatly enhanced, compared to CdS loaded anatase TiO2 without porous structure and common commercial P25. Furthermore, the bifunctional linking molecule, MPA, could effectively disperse and stabilize CdS nanoparticles. CdS/TiO2 with the linking molecule CdS-MPA-TiO2(m) exhibits much more stability and activity than CdS-TiO2(m) which is prepared by direct deposition. After 3 cycling tests of degradation of MB (methylene blue), the loss ratio of CdS on CdS-TiO2(m) is 70.6%, much larger than that of 17.8% on CdS-MPA-TiO2(m). This work may give ideas for the synthesis of other stable and active supported catalysts in many fields.

157 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202214
2021807
20201,053
20191,064
20181,112
20171,024