Topic
Summation
About: Summation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 954 publications have been published within this topic receiving 45593 citations. The topic is also known as: summation & sum of a sequence.
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TL;DR: In this paper, individuals from three pinniped species were tested to determine how signal duration influenced pure-tone hearing thresholds, and the psychophysical method of constant stimuli was used to obtain aerial thresholds for each subject at nine different signal durations ranging from 25 to 500 ms.
Abstract: In addition to improving the understanding of auditory processing in pinnipeds, direct measures of temporal summation are relevant to the selection of signal parameters when conducting audiometric research, assessing the effects of signal duration on communication ranges, and evaluating the potential auditory impacts of anthropogenic signals. In the present study, individuals from three pinniped species were tested to determine how signal duration influenced pure‐tone hearing thresholds. The psychophysical method of constant stimuli was used to obtain aerial thresholds for each subject at nine different signal durations ranging from 25 to 500 ms. Parameter estimates derived for a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) from an exponential model of temporal summation yielded time constants (τ) of 176, 98, and 141 ms at frequencies of 2.5, 5, and 10 kHz, respectively. Preliminary results with a northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) at 5 kHz (this study), and a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) at...
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-emitter light-induced neuromorphic device composed of two lightinduced devices with a common collector and base was proposed, where two InGaN multiple quantum well diodes (MQW-diodes) were used as the emitters to generate light, and one In-GaN MQW-diode was used as a collector to absorb the emitted light.
Abstract: We propose and fabricate a dual-emitter light-induced neuromorphic device composed of two light-induced devices with a common collector and base. Two InGaN multiple quantum well diodes (MQW-diodes) are used as the emitters to generate light, and one InGaN MQW-diode is used as the common collector to absorb the emitted light. When the presynaptic voltages are synchronously applied to the two emitters, the collector demonstrates an adding together of the excitatory post synaptic voltage (EPSV). The width and period of the two input signals constitute the code to generate spatial summation and recognition effects at the same time. Experimental results confirm that temporal summation caused by the repetitive-pulse facilitation could significantly strengthen the spatial summation effect due to the adding together behavior when the repetitive stimulations are applied to the two emitters in rapid succession. Particularly, the resonant summation effect occurs at the co-summation region when the two repetitive-pulse signals have a resonant period, which offers a more sophisticated spatiotemporal EPSV summation function for the dual-emitter neuromorphic device.
4 citations
01 Jan 1971
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impulse activity of 103 neurons in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and urethane, and demonstrated that the temporal characteristics of different neurons exhibit substantial differences.
Abstract: We investigated the impulse activity of 103 neurons in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and urethane. The following response characteristics were studied in detail: 1) the latent period of the first impulse as a function of tone intensity; 2) threshold as a function of duration; 3) the frequency-threshold curves under the action of short (1–2 msec) and long (100–200 msec) tones; 4) the discharge "pattern" and the number of impulses under the action of signals with different durations and intensities. We demonstrated that the temporal characteristics of different neurons exhibit substantial differences. The high positive correlation among the temporal characteristics investigated enabled us to distinguish three groups of neurons. The first group was characterized by the following properties: a) short latent periods with a threshold tone intensity; 2) a short summation time (or none at all); 3) similarity of the frequency-threshold curves for short and long signals; 4) an initial on-discharge of 1–3 impulses. The second group was characterized by: 1) long latent periods with a threshold tone intensity; 2) pronounced temporal summation; 3) steeper frequency-threshold curves when the tone duration was increased; 4) prolonged discharge.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between scales of perceived intensity and primary cortical potentials obtained under identical stimulation conditions was established by using power functions with exponents of nearly the same size as those of the psychophysical functions.
Abstract: Experiments were performed to establish the relation between scales of perceived intensity and primary cortical potentials obtained under identical stimulation conditions. When the maximal positive-negative deflection of the primary component of the averaged evoked potential was plotted against stimulus displacement, all data were well represented by power functions with exponents of nearly the same size as those of the psychophysical functions. The results indicate also that spatial summation takes place when two neighboring locations are stimulated with an increase in apparent intensity of only about ?2 of that corresponding to monodigital stimulation.
4 citations