Topic
Summation
About: Summation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 954 publications have been published within this topic receiving 45593 citations. The topic is also known as: summation & sum of a sequence.
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TL;DR: Activity in fine afferent axons augments the reflexogenic potential of all subsequent afferent input, thereby allowing all afferent drive from the sural field to contribute to withdrawal of the heel.
46 citations
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TL;DR: Analysis of membrane conductance fluctuations induced by iontophoresis of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicates that the relaxation kinetics of activated inhibitory channels are rate-limiting during decay of the inhibitory postsynaptic current.
Abstract: In the goldfish Mauthner cell, inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked by intracellular stimulation of presynaptic neurons decay exponentially, with a mean time constant of 6.65 milliseconds. Analysis of membrane conductance fluctuations induced by iontophoresis of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicates a mean inhibitory channel lifetime of 7.15 milliseconds. The results thus suggest that the relaxation kinetics of activated inhibitory channels are rate-limiting during decay of the inhibitory postsynaptic current.
45 citations
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TL;DR: Experiments in which length and contrast were systematically varied support the summation model, and extend the notion of linear spatial summation to the length axis in simple cells.
45 citations
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TL;DR: Two psychophysical studies examining interactions between multiple noxious stimuli and three phenomena suggest that interactions between recruited populations of neurons may support both spatial and intensity-related dimensions of the pain experience.
Abstract: The receptive field organization of nociceptive neurons suggests that noxious information may be encoded by population-based mechanisms. Electrophysiological evidence of population coding mechanism...
45 citations
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TL;DR: This model suggests that 1) central integration of pulmonary stretch receptor (PSR) input is similar to long time-constant temporal summation; 2) central inspiratory inhibition (no vagal input) may share a common mechanism with vagal processing; and 3) PSR-induced inhibition is a linear function of discharge frequency.
Abstract: The dynamics of the central processing of the discharge pattern from vagal pulmonary afferents that mediate the expiratory facilitatory reflex have been investigated. These studies involved the development of mathematical models based on analogs of neurophysiological principles such as temporal summation and threshold crossing. These models, which are capable of predicting the expiratory duration for arbitrary discharge patterns, were verified through comparison of their prediction with experimentally obtained relationships between expiratory duration (TE) and waveform parameters of various input patterns. These relationships were obtained by electrical activation of the largest vagal afferent fibers in bilaterally vagotomized, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. A parallel two-component model with long time constants (ca. 0.8 and 18 s) was best able to describe the experimental responses. This model suggests that 1) central integration of pulmonary stretch receptor (PSR) input is similar to long time-constant temporal summation; 2) central inspiratory inhibition (no vagal input) may share a common mechanism with vagal processing; 3) PSR-induced inhibition is a linear function of discharge frequency; and 4) TE depends on both the trajectory of lung deflation and the tonic activity at functional residual capacity. These characteristics embody information regarding specific neural arrangements and properties within the respiratory centers.
45 citations