Showing papers on "Supercontinuum published in 2015"

Controllable spatiotemporal nonlinear effects in multimode fibres

Abstract: Highly nonlinear effects are observed in graded-index multimode optical fibres. Multimode fibres are of interest for next-generation telecommunications systems and the construction of high-energy fibre lasers. However, relatively little work has explored nonlinear pulse propagation in multimode fibres. Here, we consider highly nonlinear ultrashort pulse propagation in the anomalous-dispersion regime of a graded-index multimode fibre. Low modal dispersion and strong nonlinear coupling between the fibre's many spatial modes result in interesting behaviour. We observe spatiotemporal effects reminiscent of nonlinear optics in bulk media—self-focusing and multiple filamentation1,2—at a fraction of the usual power. By adjusting the spatial initial conditions, we generate on-demand, megawatt, ultrashort pulses tunable between 1,550 and 2,200 nm; dispersive waves over one octave; intense combs of visible light; and a multi-octave-spanning supercontinuum. Our results indicate that multimode fibres present unique opportunities for observing new spatiotemporal dynamics and phenomena. They also enable the realization of a new type of tunable, broadband fibre source that could be useful for many applications.

Deep-ultraviolet to mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in solid-core ZBLAN photonic crystal fibre

Abstract: Silica-based photonic crystal fibre has proven highly successful for supercontinuum generation, with smooth and flat spectral power densities. However, fused silica glass suffers from strong material absorption in the mid-infrared (>2,500 nm), as well as ultraviolet-related optical damage (solarization), which limits performance and lifetime in the ultraviolet (<380 nm). Supercontinuum generation in silica photonic crystal fibre is therefore only possible between these limits. A number of alternative glasses have been used to extend the mid-infrared performance, including chalcogenides, fluorides and heavy-metal oxides, but none has extended the ultraviolet performance. Here, we describe the successful fabrication (using the stack-and-draw technique) of a ZBLAN photonic crystal fibre with a high air-filling fraction, a small solid core, nanoscale features and near-perfect structure. We also report its use in the generation of ultrabroadband, long-term stable, supercontinua spanning more than three octaves in the spectral range 200–2,500 nm. A low-loss ZBLAN micro-structured fibre is used to generate a supercontinuum spanning from the UV to the mid-IR (200 nm–2,500 nm). The material has high resistance even after extended operation and can withstand large spectral power densities.

Multi-milliwatt mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a suspended core chalcogenide fiber

Abstract: A low-loss suspended core As(38)Se(62) fiber with core diameter of 4.5 μm and a zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.5 μm was used for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. The dispersion of the fiber was measured from 2.9 to 4.2 μm and was in good correspondence with the calculated dispersion. An optical parametric amplifier delivering 320 fs pulses with a peak power of 14.8 kW at a repetition rate of 21 MHz was used to pump 18 cm of suspended core fiber at different wavelengths from 3.3 to 4.7 μm. By pumping at 4.4 μm with a peak power of 5.2 kW coupled to the fiber a supercontinuum spanning from 1.7 to 7.5 μm with an average output power of 15.6 mW and an average power >5.0 μm of 4.7 mW was obtained.

Midinfrared supercontinuum generation from 2 to 6 μm in a silicon nanowire

Abstract: Silicon has attracted great interest as a platform for both linear and nonlinear integrated photonics for over 15 years While its primary applications have been in the telecom window (near 15 μm), the capability of exploiting its full transparency window to 8 μm in the mid-IR is highly attractive, since this will open it up to entirely new applications in fields such as spectroscopy, chemical and biological sensing, and free-space communications However, while silicon-on-insulator has shown great promise just beyond the telecommunications window [to the shortwave IR band (25 μm)], its wavelength range has been limited to < 4 μm by absorption in the silica cladding layer Here, we demonstrate octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in silicon, covering a continuous spectral range from 19 to beyond 6 μm in dispersion-engineered silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) nanowires This represents both the widest spectrum and longest wavelength generated to date in any silicon platform, and establishes SOS as a promising new platform for integrated nonlinear photonics in the mid-IR

Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum generation in a silicon nitride waveguide

Abstract: We demonstrate the generation of a supercontinuum spanning more than 1.4 octaves in a silicon nitride waveguide using sub-100-fs pulses at 1 μm generated by either a 53-MHz, diode-pumped ytterbium (Yb) fiber laser or a 1-GHz, Yb:CaAlGdO4 (Yb:CALGO) laser. Our numerical simulations show that the broadband supercontinuum is fully coherent, and a spectral interference measurement is used to verify that the supercontinuum generated with the Yb:CALGO laser possesses a high degree of coherence over the majority of its spectral bandwidth. This coherent spectrum may be utilized for optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, and frequency metrology.

Vacuum-ultraviolet to infrared supercontinuum in hydrogen-filled photonic crystal fiber

Abstract: Although supercontinuum sources are readily available for the visible and near infrared (IR), and recently also for the mid-IR, many areas of biology, chemistry, and physics would benefit greatly from the availability of compact, stable, and spectrally bright deep-ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) supercontinuum sources Such sources have, however, not yet been developed Here we report the generation of a bright supercontinuum, spanning more than three octaves from 124 nm to beyond 1200 nm, in hydrogen-filled kagome-style hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (kagome-PCF) Few-microjoule, 30 fs pump pulses at wavelength of 805 nm are launched into the fiber, where they undergo self-compression via the Raman-enhanced Kerr effect Modeling indicates that before reaching a minimum subcycle pulse duration of ∼1 fs, much less than one period of molecular vibration (8 fs), nonlinear reshaping of the pulse envelope, accentuated by self-steepening and shock formation, creates an ultrashort feature that causes impulsive excitation of long-lived coherent molecular vibrations These phase modulate a strong VUV dispersive wave (at 182 nm or 68 eV) on the trailing edge of the pulse, further broadening the spectrum into the VUV The results also show for the first time that kagome-PCF guides well in the VUV

1.8-10 μm mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in a step-index chalcogenide fiber using low peak pump power.

Abstract: By pumping an 11-cm-long step-index chalcogenide fiber with ∼330 fs pulses at 4.0 μm from an optical parametric amplifier, mid-infrared supercontinuum generation spanning from ∼1.8 to ∼10 μm within a dynamic range of ±15 dB has been demonstrated at a relatively low power threshold of ∼3000 W.

Underwater depth imaging using time-correlated single-photon counting

Abstract: A depth imaging system, based on the time-of-flight approach and the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) technique, was investigated for use in highly scattering underwater environments. The system comprised a pulsed supercontinuum laser source, a monostatic scanning transceiver, with a silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) used for detection of the returned optical signal. Depth images were acquired in the laboratory at stand-off distances of up to 8 attenuation lengths, using per-pixel acquisition times in the range 0.5 to 100 ms, at average optical powers in the range 0.8 nW to 950 μW. In parallel, a LiDAR model was developed and validated using experimental data. The model can be used to estimate the performance of the system under a variety of scattering conditions and system parameters.

Mid-infrared laser filaments in the atmosphere

Abstract: Filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses in the atmosphere offers unique opportunities for long-range transmission of high-power laser radiation and standoff detection. With the critical power of self-focusing scaling as the laser wavelength squared, the quest for longer-wavelength drivers, which would radically increase the peak power and, hence, the laser energy in a single filament, has been ongoing over two decades, during which time the available laser sources limited filamentation experiments in the atmosphere to the near-infrared and visible ranges. Here, we demonstrate filamentation of ultrashort mid-infrared pulses in the atmosphere for the first time. We show that, with the spectrum of a femtosecond laser driver centered at 3.9 μm, right at the edge of the atmospheric transmission window, radiation energies above 20 mJ and peak powers in excess of 200 GW can be transmitted through the atmosphere in a single filament. Our studies reveal unique properties of mid-infrared filaments, where the generation of powerful mid-infrared supercontinuum is accompanied by unusual scenarios of optical harmonic generation, giving rise to remarkably broad radiation spectra, stretching from the visible to the mid-infrared.

Visible-to-near-infrared octave spanning supercontinuum generation in a silicon nitride waveguide.

Abstract: The generation of an octave spanning supercontinuum covering 488–978 nm (at −30 dB) is demonstrated for the first time on-chip. This result is achieved by dispersion engineering a 1-cm-long Si3N4 waveguide and pumping it with an 100-fs Ti:Sapphire laser emitting at 795 nm. This work offers a bright broadband source for biophotonic applications and frequency metrology.

On-chip visible-to-infrared supercontinuum generation with more than 495 THz spectral bandwidth.

Abstract: We report ultra-broadband supercontinuum generation in high-confinement Si3N4 integrated optical waveguides. The spectrum extends through the visible (from 470 nm) to the infrared spectral range (2130 nm) comprising a spectral bandwidth wider than 495 THz, which is the widest supercontinuum spectrum generated on a chip.

Midinfrared supercontinuum generation from 2 to 6 mu m in a silicon nanowire

Abstract: Silicon has attracted great interest as a platform for both linear and nonlinear integrated photonics for over 15 years. While its primary applications have been in the telecom window (near 1.5 mu m), the capability of exploiting its full transparency window to 8 mu m in the mid-IR is highly attractive, since this will open it up to entirely new applications in fields such as spectroscopy, chemical and biological sensing, and free-space communications. However, while silicon-on-insulator has shown great promise just beyond the

Supercontinuum generation in bandgap engineered, back‐end CMOS compatible silicon rich nitride waveguides

Abstract: CMOS-compatible nonlinear optics platforms with negligible nonlinear losses and high nonlinearity are of great merit. Silicon, silicon nitride and Hydex glass have made significant headway in nonlinear optical signal processing, though none of these platforms possesses the highly sought after combination of high nonlinearity and negligible nonlinear losses. In this manuscript, we present a nonlinear optics platform based on silicon-rich nitride, deposited at a low temperature of 250°C compatible with back-end CMOS processing. The silicon-rich nitride is designed and engineered in composition to have a bandgap of 2.05 eV, such that the two-photon absorption edge is well below 1.55 μm. The designed and developed waveguides have a nonlinear parameter of 550 W−1/m, 500 times larger than that in silicon nitride waveguides, while at the same time not possessing two-photon and free-carrier losses. Using 500-fs pulses, we generate supercontinuum exceeding 0.6 of an octave.

Frequency comb offset detection using supercontinuum generation in silicon nitride waveguides.

Abstract: We present the first direct carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) frequency detection of a modelocked laser based on supercontinuum generation (SCG) in a CMOS-compatible silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) waveguide. With a coherent supercontinuum spanning more than 1.5 octaves from visible to beyond telecommunication wavelengths, we achieve self-referencing of SESAM modelocked diode-pumped Yb:CALGO lasers using standard f-to-2f interferometry. We directly obtain without amplification strong CEO beat signals for both a 100-MHz and 1-GHz pulse repetition rate laser. High signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of > 25 dB and even > 30 dB have been generated with only 30 pJ and 36 pJ of coupled pulse energy from the megahertz and gigahertz laser respectively. We compare these results to self-referencing using a commercial photonic crystal fiber and find that the required peak power for CEO beat detection with a comparable SNR is lowered by more than an order of magnitude when using a Si(3)N(4) waveguide.

Supercontinuum generation in the vacuum ultraviolet through dispersive-wave and soliton-plasma interaction in a noble-gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Abstract: We report on the generation of a three-octave-wide supercontinuum extending from the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to the near infrared, spanning at least 113--1000 nm (i.e., $11\ensuremath{-}1.2\mathrm{eV}$ ), in He-filled hollow-core kagome-style photonic crystal fiber. Numerical simulations confirm that the main mechanism is an interaction between dispersive-wave emission and plasma-induced blue-shifted soliton recompression around the fiber zero dispersion frequency. The VUV part of the supercontinuum, the modeling of which proves to be coherent and possesses a simple phase structure, has sufficient bandwidth to support single-cycle pulses of 500 asec duration. We also demonstrate, in the same system, the generation of narrower-band VUV pulses through dispersive-wave emission, tunable from 120 to 200 nm with efficiencies exceeding $1%$ and VUV pulse energies in excess of 50 nJ.

Three-octave-spanning supercontinuum generation and sub-two-cycle self-compression of mid-infrared filaments in dielectrics.

Abstract: We experimentally and numerically investigate the spectral and temporal structure of mid-infrared (mid-IR) filaments in bulk dielectrics with normal and anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD) pumped by a 2.1 μm optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA). The formation of stable and robust filaments with several microjoules of pulse energy is observed. We demonstrate a supercontinuum that spans more than three octaves from ZnS in the normal GVD regime and self-compression of the mid-IR pulse to sub-two-cycle duration in CaF2 in the anomalous GVD regime. The experimental observations quantitatively agree well with the numerical simulations based on a three-dimensional nonlinear wave equation that reveals the detailed spatio-temporal dynamics of mid-IR filaments in dielectrics.

Broadband Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Spectra Spanning 2-15 μm Using As 2 Se 3 Chalcogenide Glass Triangular-Core Graded-Index Photonic Crystal Fiber

Abstract: In this paper, we report analysis, design, and numerical modeling of mid-infrared supercontinuum generation across 2-15 μm molecular “fingerprint region” using a new design of triangular-core graded-index photonic crystal fiber (PCF) pumped with 50 fs laser pulses of peak power of 3.5 kW at 4.1 μm. Proposed PCF design offers the nonlinear coefficient as high as 1944 W -1 · Km -1 at pump wavelength. To the best of our knowledge, the supercontinuum in PCF with such broadband spectra has been reported first time. Proposed PCF design has potential applications in gas sensing, food quality control, and early cancer diagnostics.

Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation using dispersion-engineered Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 chalcogenide channel waveguide

Abstract: We numerically investigate mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) generation in dispersion-engineered, air-clad, Ge(11.5)As(24)Se(64.5) chalcogenide-glass channel waveguides employing two different materials, Ge(11.5)As(24)Se(64.5) or MgF(2) glass for their lower cladding. We study the effect of waveguide parameters on the bandwidth of the SC at the output of 1-cm-long waveguide. Our results show that output can vary over a wide range depending on its design and the pump wavelength employed. At the pump wavelength of 2 μm the SC never extended beyond 4.5 μm for any of our designs. However, supercontinuum could be extended to beyond 5 μm for a pump wavelength of 3.1 μm. A broadband SC spanning from 2 μm to 6 μm and extending over 1.5 octave could be generated with a moderate peak power of 500 W at a pump wavelength of 3.1 μm using an air-clad, all-chalcogenide, channel waveguide. We show that SC can be extended even further when MgF(2) glass is used for the lower cladding of chalcogenide waveguide. Our numerical simulations produced SC spectra covering the wavelength range 1.8-7.7 μm (> two octaves) by using this geometry. Both ranges exceed the broadest SC bandwidths reported so far. Moreover, we realize it using 3.1 μm pump source and relatively low peak power pulses. By employing the same pump source, we show that SC spectra can cover a wavelength range of 1.8-11 μm (> 2.5 octaves) in a channel waveguide employing MgF(2) glass for its lower cladding with a moderate peak power of 3000 W.

Low loss, high NA chalcogenide glass fibers for broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation

Abstract: High-purity Ge–As–Se and Ge–As–S chalcogenide glasses were prepared by modified physical and chemical purification techniques. Using the purified glasses, step-index fibers with a small core (~5.5 μm) and large numerical aperture (~1.3) were fabricated. When a 13.5-cm-long fiber was pumped with 320 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 10.5 MHz at 4.1 μm, supercontinuum spanning from ~1.8 to ~9.8 μm with a dynamic range of ±10 dB and an average power of ~3 mW was generated.

Human retinal imaging using visible-light optical coherence tomography guided by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Abstract: We achieved human retinal imaging using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) guided by an integrated scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO). We adapted a spectral domain OCT configuration and used a supercontinuum laser as the illumating source. The center wavelength was 564 nm and the bandwidth was 115 nm, which provided a 0.97 µm axial resolution measured in air. We characterized the sensitivity to be 86 dB with 226 µW incidence power on the pupil. We also integrated an SLO that shared the same optical path of the vis-OCT sample arm for alignment purposes. We demonstrated the retinal imaging from both systems centered at the fovea and optic nerve head with 20° × 20° and 10° × 10° field of view. We observed similar anatomical structures in vis-OCT and NIR-OCT. The contrast appeared different from vis-OCT to NIR-OCT, including slightly weaker signal from intra-retinal layers, and increased visibility and contrast of anatomical layers in the outer retina.

Midinfrared supercontinuum generation via As2Se3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers.

Abstract: Using numerical analysis, we compare the results of optofluidic and rod filling techniques for the broadening of supercontinuum spectra generated by As2Se3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The numerical results show that when air-holes constituting the innermost ring in a PCF made of As2Se3-based chalcogenide glass are filled with rods of As2Se3-based chalcogenide glass, over a wide range of mid-IR wavelengths, an ultra-flattened near-zero dispersion can be obtained, while the total loss is negligible and the PCF nonlinearity is very high. The simulations also show that when a 50 fs input optical pulse of 10 kW peak power and center wavelength of 4.6 μm is launched into a 50 mm long rod-filled chalcogenide PCF, a ripple-free spectral broadening as wide as 3.86 μm can be obtained.

Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation spanning 1.8 octaves using step-index indium fluoride fiber pumped by a femtosecond fiber laser near 2 µm.

Abstract: A nearly two-octave wide coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum is demonstrated in a dispersion-engineered step-index indium fluoride fiber pumped near 2 µm. The pump source is an all-fiber femtosecond laser with 100 fs pulse width, 570 mW average power and 50 MHz repetition rate. The supercontinuum spectrum spans from 1.25 µm to 4.6 µm. Numerical modelling of the supercontinuum spectra show good agreement with the measurements. The coherence of the supercontinuum is calculated using a numerical model and shows a high degree of coherence across the generated bandwidth allowing it to be used for frequency comb applications.

High resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography in the 2 μm wavelength range using a broadband supercontinuum source.

Abstract: A 220 nm bandwidth supercontinuum source in the two-micron wavelength range has been developed for use in a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) system. This long wavelength source serves to enhance probing depth in highly scattering material with low water content. We present results confirming improved penetration depth in high opacity paint samples while achieving the high axial resolution needed to resolve individual paint layers. This is the first FDOCT developed in the 2 μm wavelength regime that allows fast, efficient capturing of 3D image cubes at a high axial resolution of 13 μm in air (or 9 μm in paint).

Multioctave, 3–18 μm sub-two-cycle supercontinua from self-compressing, self-focusing soliton transients in a solid

Abstract: Strongly coupled nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics of ultrashort mid-infrared pulses undergoing self-focusing simultaneously with soliton self-compression in an anomalously dispersive, highly nonlinear solid semiconductor is shown to enable the generation of multioctave supercontinua with spectra spanning the entire mid-infrared range and compressible to subcycle pulse widths. With 7.9 μm, 150 fs, 2 μJ, 1 kHz pulses used as a driver, 1.2 cycle pulses of mid-infrared supercontinuum radiation with a spectrum spanning the range of wavelengths from 3 to 18 μm were generated in a 5 mm GaAs plate. Further compression of these pulses to subcycle pulse widths is possible through compensation of the residual phase shift.

High-power mid-infrared high repetition-rate supercontinuum source based on a chalcogenide step-index fiber.

Abstract: We demonstrate a tunable and robust femtosecond supercontinuum source with a maximum output power of 550 mW and a maximum spectral width of up to 2.0 μm, which can cover the mid-infrared region from 2.3 μm up to 4.9 μm by tuning the pump wavelength. As2S3 chalcogenide step-index fibers with core diameters of 7 and 9 μm are pumped at different wavelengths from 2.5 μm up to 4.1 μm with femtosecond pulses by means of a post-amplified optical parametric oscillator pumped by an Yb:KGW laser. The spectral behavior of the supercontinuum is investigated by changing the pump wavelength, core diameter, fiber length, and pump power. Self-phase modulation is identified as the main broadening mechanism in the normal dispersion regime. This source promises to be an excellent laboratory tool for infrared spectroscopy owing to its high brilliance as demonstrated for the CS2-absorption bands around 3.5 μm.

Fiber-based light sources for biomedical applications of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Abstract: During the past decade coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy has evolved to one of the most powerful imaging techniques in the biomedical sciences, enabling the label-free visualization of the chemical composition of tissue in vivo in real time. While the acquisition of high-contrast images of single cells up to large tissue sections enables a wide range of medical applications from routine diagnostics to surgical guidance, to date CARS imaging is employed in fundamental research only, essentially because the synchronized multiple wavelength pulsed laser sources required for CARS microscopy are large, expensive and require regular maintenance. Laser sources based on optical fibers can overcome these limitations combining highest efficiency and peak powers with an excellent spatial beam profile and thermal stability. In this review we summarize the different fiber-based approaches for laser sources dedicated to coherent Raman imaging, in particular active fiber technology and passive fiber-based frequency conversion processes, i.e. supercontinuum generation, soliton self-frequency shift and four-wave mixing. We re-evaluate the ideal laser parameters for CARS imaging and discuss the suitability of different laser concepts for turn-key operation required for routine application in clinics.

Towards integration of a liquid-filled fiber capillary for supercontinuum generation in the 1.2-2.4 μm range.

Abstract: We demonstrate supercontinuum generation in unspliced as well as in integrated CS2-filled capillary fibers at different pump wavelengths of 1030 nm, 1510 nm, and 1685 nm. A novel method for splicing a liquid-filled capillary fiber to a standard single-mode optical fiber is presented. This method is based on mechanical splicing using a direct-laser written polymer ferrule using a femtosecond two-photon polymerization process. We maintain mostly single-mode operation despite the multi-mode capability of the liquid-filled capillaries. The generated supercontinua exhibit a spectral width of over 1200 nm and 1000 nm for core diameters of 5 μm and 10 μm, respectively. This is an increase of more than 50 percent compared to previously reported values in the literature due to improved dispersion properties of the capillaries.

Broadband cascaded four-wave mixing and supercontinuum generation in a tellurite microstructured optical fiber pumped at 2 μm.

Abstract: We demonstrate the broadband cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) and supercontinuum (SC) generation in a tellurite MOF which is made from 76.5TeO2-6ZnO-11.5Li2O-6Bi2O3 (TZLB, mol%) glass. By using a 2-μm picosecond laser with the center wavelength of ~1958 nm as the pump source, the broadband FWM with the frequency separation of ~1.1 THz is obtained. The bandwidth of the frequency comb spans a range of ~630 nm from ~1620 to 2250 nm at the average pump power of ~125 mW. With the average pump power increasing to ~800 mW, the broadband mid-infrared SC generation with the spectrum from ~900 to 3900 nm is observed. Changing the pump source to a femtosecond laser (optical parametric oscillator, OPO) with the center wavelength of ~2000 nm, solitons and dispersive waves (DWs) are obtained.

1 GHz repetition rate femtosecond Yb:fiber laser for direct generation of carrier-envelope offset frequency.

Abstract: We report a mode-locked fiber laser working at a 1 GHz fundamental repetition rate. The laser delivers a 600 mW average power at a pump power of 1800 mW. The pulse spectrum bandwidth was 23 nm to support 64 fs near-transform-limited pulses. An octave-spanning supercontinuum from 590 to 1350 nm was generated in a tapered photonic crystal fiber solely with the mode-locked fiber-laser output, without amplifiers. A 30 dB f(ceo) beat signal was detected via f-to-2f interferometer.

Broadband supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion chalcogenide microwires.

Abstract: We report the first chalcogenide microwire designed with all-normal dispersion to generate supercontinuum by optical wave breaking, a low-noise nonlinear process. The chalcogenide (As2S3) microwire is coated with PMMA and tapered to a diameter of 0.58 μm to achieve the all-normal dispersion regime. The generated supercontinuum spectrum spans over an octave from 960 to >2500 nm using a microwire length of only 3 mm and a low pulse energy of 150 pJ.