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Showing papers on "Superposition principle published in 2014"


Journal ArticleDOI
Zhu Su1, Guoyong Jin1, Shuangxia Shi1, Tiangui Ye1, Xingzhao Jia1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified solution method for free vibration analysis of functionally graded cylindrical, conical shells and annular plates with general boundary conditions is presented by using the first-order shear deformation theory and Rayleigh-Ritz procedure.

138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shizhen Chen1, Xinxing Zhou1, Yachao Liu1, Xiaohui Ling1, Hailu Luo1, Shuangchun Wen1 
TL;DR: This research provides a convenient way to evolve the polarization states in any path on the high order Poincaré sphere.
Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel interferometric approach to generate arbitrary cylindrical vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere (HOPS). Our scheme is implemented by collinear superposition of two orthogonal circular polarizations with opposite topological charges. By modifying the amplitude and phase factors of the two beams, respectively, any desired vector beams on the HOPS with high tunability can be acquired. Our research provides a convenient way to evolve the polarization states in any path on the high order Poincare sphere.

134 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shizhen Chen1, Xinxing Zhou1, Yachao Liu1, Xiaohui Ling1, Hailu Luo1, Shuangchun Wen1 
TL;DR: In this article, a collinear superposition of two orthogonal circular polarizations with opposite topological charges is proposed to generate arbitrary cylindrical vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere.
Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel interferometric approach to generate arbitrary cylindrical vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere. Our scheme is implemented by collinear superposition of two orthogonal circular polarizations with opposite topological charges. By modifying the amplitude and phase factors of the two beams, respectively, any desired vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere with high tunability can be acquired. Our research provides a convenient way to evolve the polarization states in any path on the high order Poincare sphere.

134 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the opposite is the case for optomechanical systems in the presence of generic noise sources, such as thermal and measurement noise, that the sensitivity to these unconventional effects grows with the mass of the mechanical quantum system.
Abstract: Quantum experiments with nanomechanical oscillators are regarded as a test bed for hypothetical modifications of the Schrodinger equation, which predict a breakdown of the superposition principle and induce classical behavior at the macroscale. It is generally believed that the sensitivity to these unconventional effects grows with the mass of the mechanical quantum system. Here we show that the opposite is the case for optomechanical systems in the presence of generic noise sources, such as thermal and measurement noise. We determine conditions for distinguishing these decoherence processes from possible collapse-induced decoherence in continuous optomechanical force measurements.

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model for a source whose DOC is the superposition of two 1D cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schell-model sources, i.e., possesses rectangular symmetry is proposed, which carries out experimental generation of the proposed beam and measured its focusing properties.
Abstract: Cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schell-model sources whose degree of coherence (DOC) is of circular symmetry have been introduced just recently [Opt. Lett.38, 2578 (2013)]. In this Letter, we propose a model for a source whose DOC is the superposition of two 1D cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schell-model sources, i.e., possesses rectangular symmetry. The novel model sources and beams they generate are termed rectangular cosine-Gaussian Schell-model (RCGSM). The RCGSM beam exhibits unique features on propagation, e.g., its intensity in the far field (or in the focal plane) displays a four-beamlet array profile, being qualitatively different from the ring-shaped profile of the CGSM beam whose DOC is of circular symmetry. Furthermore, we have carried out experimental generation of the proposed beam and measured its focusing properties. Our experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions.

121 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the efficiency of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) component of a light beam and showed that even for low values of the OAM, a large amount of light can fall outside the fundamental mode of the optical fiber, and quantified the losses as functions of the waist of the coupling beam of OAM and radial indices.
Abstract: One of the most widely used techniques for measuring the orbital angular momentum (OAM) components of a light beam is to flatten the spiral phase front of a mode, in order to couple it to a single-mode optical fiber (SMOF). This method, however, suffers from an efficiency that depends on the OAM of the initial mode and on the presence of higher-order radial modes. The reason is that once the phase has been flattened, the field retains its ringed intensity pattern and is therefore a nontrivial superposition of purely radial modes, of which only the fundamental one couples to a SMOF. In this paper, we study the efficiency of this technique both theoretically and experimentally. We find that even for low values of the OAM, a large amount of light can fall outside the fundamental mode of the fiber, and we quantify the losses as functions of the waist of the coupling beam of the OAM and radial indices. Our results can be used as a tool to remove the efficiency bias where fair-sampling loopholes are not a concern. However, we hope that our study will encourage the development of better detection methods of the OAM content of a beam of light.

103 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional, fully nonlinear Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed to analyse the efficiency of fixed Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) devices with linear power take off systems.

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study uses the Feynman path integral formalism to quantify contributions from nonclassical paths in quantum interference experiments that provide a measurable deviation from a naive application of the superposition principle and finds that contributions from such paths can be significant.
Abstract: In a double slit interference experiment, the wave function at the screen with both slits open is not exactly equal to the sum of the wave functions with the slits individually open one at a time. The three scenarios represent three different boundary conditions and as such, the superposition principle should not be applicable. However, most well-known text books in quantum mechanics implicitly and/or explicitly use this assumption that is only approximately true. In our present study, we have used the Feynman path integral formalism to quantify contributions from nonclassical paths in quantum interference experiments that provide a measurable deviation from a naive application of the superposition principle. A direct experimental demonstration for the existence of these nonclassical paths is difficult to present. We find that contributions from such paths can be significant and we propose simple three-slit interference experiments to directly confirm their existence.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a unified modified Fourier solution based on the first order shear deformation theory is developed for the vibrations of various composite laminated structure elements of revolution with general elastic restraints including cylindrical, conical, spherical shells and annular plates.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a variational-asymptotic homogenization (VAS) procedure was proposed for the analysis of wave propagation in materials with periodic microstructure.

88 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the superposition solution for scattering by a system of optically active spheres is extended to the case where any of the spheres can be located at points that are either internal and external to the other spheres.
Abstract: The superposition solution for scattering by a system of optically active spheres is extended to the case where any of the spheres can be located at points that are either internal and external to the other spheres. The sole restriction on the formulation are that a sphere surface cannot be cut by another surface. The formulation has been integrated into the Multiple Sphere T Matrix code, and illustrative calculation results that demonstrate the veracity of the formulation are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an extension of the pipe-in-pipe (PiP) model for calculating vibrations from underground railways that allows for the incorporation of a multi-layered half-space geometry is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
X.Y. Li1, Peidong Li1, T.H. Wu1, M.X. Shi1, Z.W. Zhu1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of 3D general solutions to static problems of 1D hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals is obtained by introducing two displacement functions and utilizing the rigorous operator theory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the site effect of the ocean layer upon body waves generated by noise sources distributed along the ocean surface is defined as the constructive interference of multiply reflected P waves in the ocean that are then converted to either P or SV waves at the ocean-crust interface.
Abstract: S U M M A R Y Secondary microseismic noise is generated by non-linear interactions between ocean waves at the ocean surface. We present here the theory for computing the site effect of the ocean layer upon body waves generated by noise sources distributed along the ocean surface. By defining the wavefield as the superposition of plane waves, we show that the ocean site effect can be described as the constructive interference of multiply reflected P waves in the ocean that are then converted to either P or SV waves at the ocean–crust interface. We observe that the site effect varies strongly with period and ocean depth, although in a different way for body waves than for Rayleigh waves. We also show that the ocean site effect is stronger for P waves than for S waves. We validate our computation by comparing the theoretical noise body wave sources with the sources inferred from beamforming analysis of the three seismogram components recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network. We use rotated traces for the beamforming analysis, and we show that we clearly detect P waves generated by ocean gravity wave interactions along the track of typhoon Ioke (2006 September). We do not detect the corresponding SV waves, and we demonstrate that this is because their amplitude is too weak.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the steady state of a cavity field in a two-photon absorbing reservoir can depend on its initial state, which is known as photon blockade.
Abstract: An arbitrary initial state of an optical or microwave field in a lossy driven nonlinear cavity can be changed into a partially incoherent superposition of only the vacuum and the single-photon states. This effect is known as single-photon blockade, which is usually analyzed for a Kerr-type nonlinear cavity parametrically driven by a single-photon process assuming single-photon loss mechanisms. We study photon blockade engineering via a nonlinear reservoir, i.e., a quantum reservoir, where only two-photon absorption is allowed. Namely, we analyze a lossy nonlinear cavity parametrically driven by a two-photon process and allowing two-photon loss mechanisms, as described by the master equation derived for a two-photon absorbing reservoir. The nonlinear cavity engineering can be realized by a linear cavity with a tunable two-level system via the Jaynes-Cummings interaction in the dispersive limit. We show that by tuning properly the frequencies of the driving field and the two-level system, the steady state of the cavity field can be the single-photon Fock state or a partially incoherent superposition of several Fock states with photon numbers, e.g., (0,2), (1,3), (0,1,2), or (0,2,4). At the right (now fixed) frequencies, we observe that an arbitrary initial coherent or incoherent superposition of Fock states with an even (odd) number of photons is changed into a partially incoherent superposition of a few Fock states of the same photon-number parity. We find analytically approximate formulas for these two kinds of solutions for several differently-tuned systems. A general solution for an arbitrary initial state is a weighted mixture of the above two solutions with even and odd photon numbers, where the weights are given by the probabilities of measuring the even and odd numbers of photons of the initial cavity field, respectively. This can be interpreted as two separate evolution-dissipation channels for even and odd-number states. Thus, in contrast to the standard predictions of photon blockade, we prove that the steady state of the cavity field, in the engineered photon blockade, can depend on its initial state. To make our results more explicit, we analyze photon blockades for some initial infinite-dimensional quantum and classical states via the Wigner and photon-number distributions

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By applying an efficient and robust squeezing operation for the first time to non-Gaussian states, this work demonstrates a two-way conversion between a particlelike single-photon state and a wavelike superposition of coherent states.
Abstract: We implement the squeezing operation as a genuine quantum gate, deterministically and reversibly acting "online" upon an input state no longer restricted to the set of Gaussian states. More specifically, by applying an efficient and robust squeezing operation for the first time to non-Gaussian states, we demonstrate a two-way conversion between a particlelike single-photon state and a wavelike superposition of coherent states. Our squeezing gate is reliable enough to preserve the negativities of the corresponding Wigner functions. This demonstration represents an important and necessary step towards hybridizing discrete and continuous quantum protocols.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The situation in which information is stored in a wave field and serves as a memory that pilots the dynamics of a particle is studied, showing that these trajectories correspond to chaotic regimes characterized by intermittent transitions between a discrete set of states.
Abstract: The transmission of information can couple two entities of very different nature, one of them serving as a memory for the other. Here we study the situation in which information is stored in a wave field and serves as a memory that pilots the dynamics of a particle. Such a system can be implemented by a bouncing drop generating surface waves sustained by a parametric forcing. The motion of the resulting "walker" when confined in a harmonic potential well is generally disordered. Here we show that these trajectories correspond to chaotic regimes characterized by intermittent transitions between a discrete set of states. At any given time, the system is in one of these states characterized by a double quantization of size and angular momentum. A low dimensional intermittency determines their respective probabilities. They thus form an eigenstate basis of decomposition for what would be observed as a superposition of states if all measurements were intrusive.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that there exist a large range of input sizes for which the protocol requires communication that can be more than two orders of magnitude smaller than a classical fingerprinting protocol, and given the expended resources, the protocol achieves a task that is provably impossible using classical communication only.
Abstract: We present a protocol for quantum fingerprinting that is ready to be implemented with current technology and is robust to experimental errors. The basis of our scheme is an implementation of the signal states in terms of a coherent state in a superposition of time-bin modes. Experimentally, this requires only the ability to prepare coherent states of low amplitude and to interfere them in a balanced beam splitter. The states used in the protocol are arbitrarily close in trace distance to states of $O({log}_{2}n)$ qubits, thus exhibiting an exponential separation in abstract communication complexity compared to the classical case. The protocol uses a number of optical modes that is proportional to the size $n$ of the input bit strings but a total mean photon number that is constant and independent of $n$. Given the expended resources, our protocol achieves a task that is provably impossible using classical communication only. In fact, even in the presence of realistic experimental errors and loss, we show that there exist a large range of input sizes for which our quantum protocol transmits an amount of information that can be more than two orders of magnitude smaller than a classical fingerprinting protocol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first experimental second-harmonic generation (SHG) of an OAM-carried light with a QPM crystal, where a UV light with OAM of 100 ℏ is generated and OAM conservation is verified using a specially designed interferometer.
Abstract: Light with helical phase structures, carrying quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM), has many applications in both classical and quantum optics, such as high-capacity optical communications and quantum information processing. Frequency conversion is a basic technique to expand the frequency range of the fundamental light. The frequency conversion of OAM-carrying light gives rise to new physics and applications such as up-conversion detection of images and generation of high dimensional OAM entanglements. Quasi-phase matching (QPM) nonlinear crystals are good candidates for frequency conversion, particularly due to their high-valued effective nonlinear coefficients and no walk-off effect. Here we report the first experimental second-harmonic generation (SHG) of an OAM-carried light with a QPM crystal, where a UV light with OAM of 100 ℏ is generated. OAM conservation is verified using a specially designed interferometer. With a pump beam carrying an OAM superposition of opposite sign, we observe interesting interference phenomena in the SHG light; specifically, a photonics gear-like structure is obtained that gives direct evidence of OAM conservation, which will be very useful for ultra-sensitive angular measurements. Besides, we also develop a theory to reveal the underlying physics of the phenomena. The methods and theoretical analysis shown here are also applicable to other frequency conversion processes, such as sum frequency generation and difference-frequency generation, and may also be generalized to the quantum regime for single photons.

Journal ArticleDOI
Gui Mu, Zhenyun Qin1
TL;DR: By means of the Hirota bilinear method, explicit representations of general rogue waves for the Mel'nikov equation are explored in terms of determinants in this article, and it is found that this system admits bright and dark-types rogue waves localized in two dimensional space.
Abstract: By means of the Hirota bilinear method, explicit representations of general rogue waves for the Mel’nikov equation are explored in terms of determinants. As applications, it is found that this system admits bright- and dark-types rogue waves localized in two dimensional space. Furthermore, the superposition of such bright rogue waves are investigated graphically by different choices of the free parameters.

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the identification of a time-varying linear system from its response to a known input signal, where the response is given by a weighted superposition of delayed and Doppler shifted versions of the input.
Abstract: In this paper we study the identification of a time-varying linear system from its response to a known input signal. More specifically, we consider systems whose response to the input signal is given by a weighted superposition of delayed and Doppler shifted versions of the input. This problem arises in a multitude of applications such as wireless communications and radar imaging. Due to practical constraints, the input signal has finite bandwidth B, and the received signal is observed over a finite time interval of length T only. This gives rise to a delay and Doppler resolution of 1/B and 1/T. We show that this resolution limit can be overcome, i.e., we can exactly recover the continuous delay-Doppler pairs and the corresponding attenuation factors, by solving a convex optimization problem. This result holds provided that the distance between the delay-Doppler pairs is at least 2.37/B in time or 2.37/T in frequency. Furthermore, this result allows the total number of delay-Doppler pairs to be linear up to a log-factor in BT, the dimensionality of the response of the system, and thereby the limit for identifiability. Stated differently, we show that we can estimate the time-frequency components of a signal that is S-sparse in the continuous dictionary of time-frequency shifts of a random window function, from a number of measurements, that is linear up to a log-factor in S.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the first experimental second-harmonic generation (SHG) of OAM light with a quasi-phase matching (QPM) crystal, where a UV light with OAM of 100 is generated, was verified using a specially designed interferometer.
Abstract: Light with helical phase structures, carrying quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM), has many applications in both classical and quantum optics, such as high-capacity optical communications and quantum information processing. Frequency conversion is a basic technique to expand the frequency range of fundamental light. The frequency conversion of OAM-carrying light gives rise to new physics and applications such as up-conversion detection of images and high dimensional OAM entanglements. Quasi-phase matching (QPM) nonlinear crystals are good candidates for frequency conversion, particularly for their high-valued effective nonlinear coefficients and no walk-off effect. Here we report the first experimental second-harmonic generation (SHG) of OAM light with a QPM crystal, where a UV light with OAM of 100 is generated. OAM conservation is verified using a specially designed interferometer. With a pump beam carrying an OAM superposition of opposite sign, we observed interesting interference phenomena in the SHG light; specifically, a photonics gear-like structure is obtained that gives direct evidence of OAM conservation, which will be very useful for ultra-sensitive angular measurements. We also develop a theory to reveal the underlying physics of the phenomena. The methods and theoretical analysis shown here are also applicable to other frequency conversion processes, such as sum frequency generation and difference-frequency generation, and may also be generalized to the quantum regime for single photons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a full derivation of Lamb wave equations for n-layered monoclinic composite laminates based on linear 3D elasticity by considering the displacement fields in all three directions using the partial wave technique in combination with the Global Matrix (GM) approach is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a correlated Bose gas tightly confined into a ring-shaped lattice, in the presence of an artificial gauge potential inducing a persistent current through it, is considered, where a weak link painted on the ring acts as a source of coherent backscattering for the propagating gas, interfering with the forward scattered current.
Abstract: We consider a correlated Bose gas tightly confined into a ring shaped lattice, in the presence of an artificial gauge potential inducing a persistent current through it. A weak link painted on the ring acts as a source of coherent back-scattering for the propagating gas, interfering with the forward scattered current. This system defines an atomic counterpart of the rf-SQUID: the atomtronics quantum interference device (AQUID). The goal of the present study is to corroborate the emergence of an effective two-level system in such a setup and to assess its quality, in terms of its inner resolution and its separation from the rest of the many-body spectrum, across the different physical regimes. In order to achieve this aim, we examine the dependence of the qubit energy gap on the bosonic density, the interaction strength, and the barrier depth, and we show how the superposition between current states appears in the momentum distribution (time-of-flight) images. A mesoscopic ring lattice with intermediate-to-strong interactions and weak barrier depth is found to be a favorable candidate for setting up, manipulating and probing a qubit in the next generation of atomic experiments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a relation between fractional calculus and fractals, based only on physical and geometrical considerations, has been found in the physical origins of the power-laws, ruling the evolution of many natural phenomena, whose long memory and hereditary properties are mathematically modeled by differential operators of non integer order.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
11 Aug 2014
TL;DR: A replica analysis of the performances of these superposition codes for large signals, and considers a Bayesian approximate message passing decoder based on a belief-propagation approach and its performance using the density evolution technique.
Abstract: Superposition codes are efficient for the Additive White Gaussian Noise channel. We provide here a replica analysis of the performances of these codes for large signals. We also consider a Bayesian Approximate Message Passing decoder based on a belief-propagation approach, and discuss its performance using the density evolution technic. Our main findings are 1) for the sizes we can access, the message-passing decoder outperforms other decoders studied in the literature 2) its performance is limited by a sharp phase transition and 3) while these codes reach capacity as B (a crucial parameter in the code) increases, the performance of the message passing decoder worsen as the phase transition goes to lower rates. Superposition coding is a scheme for error-correction over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel where a codeword Ỹ is a sparse linear superposition of a random i.i.d matrix F . Even though it has been shown in [1, 2] that these codes (in a proper limit) are reliable —up to exponentially small error— up to capacity, the performance of the overall scheme is highly dependent on the decoder efficiency. In particular, [1] have proposed an iterative algorithm called adaptive successive decoder. In the present work, we expose another kind of iterative procedure, based on a Bayesian approach combined with a Belief Propagation (BP) type algorithm, using technics that have been originally developed for compressedsensing: the so-called Approximate Message Passing algorithm (AMP) [3–6]. Much in the same way BP is used in the context of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes [7], the AMP approach combines the knowledge of the noise and signal statistics with the powerful inference capabilities of BP. A second contribution we provide is the computation of the performance of these codes under optimal decoding using the (non-rigorous) replica method [8, 9]. The approach is deeply related to what has been previously applied to LDPC codes. This contribution is organized as follow: In Sec. I, we briefly present superposition codes and introduce the notations. The replica analysis is performed in Sec. II. In Sec. III we describe the AMP algorithm and study its performance by the density evolution [4] (DE) technic in Sec. IV. Finally, Sec. V presents a numerical study of the performances for finite size signals. I. SUPERPOSITION CODES We refer the reader to the original papers for a detailed description of superposition codes [1, 2, 10]. The message to be transmitted is a string S = [s1, s2, .., sL] where each si ∈ {1, 2, .., B}. It is converted onto a binary string X of dimension N = LB where in each of the L sections of size B, there is a unique value 6= 0 at the position corresponding to the state of the associated variable (using a power of 2 for B ensures that this step is trivial). One then introduce the coding matrix F of dimensions M×N (M < N ) whose elements are i.i.d Gaussian distributed with mean 0 and variance σ F = 1/L. The codeword reads

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using the methods of homogenization theory, rigorous estimates are proved that show that the solution breaks up into the linear superposition of two appropriately scaled and modulated counter-propagating waves, each of which solves a Korteweg--de Vries equation, plus a small error.
Abstract: We consider the evolution of small amplitude, long wavelength initial data by a polyatomic Fermi--Pasta--Ulam lattice differential equation whose material properties vary periodically. Using the methods of homogenization theory, we prove rigorous estimates that show that the solution breaks up into the linear superposition of two appropriately scaled and modulated counter-propagating waves, each of which solves a Korteweg--de Vries equation, plus a small error. The estimates are valid over very long time scales.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative Wigner-function description of the qudit CS defined by the truncated displacement operator on the vacuum and by the Poissonian expansion in Fock states of the Glauber CS truncated at (d − 1)-photon Fock state is presented.
Abstract: Conventional Glauber coherent states (CS) can be defined in several equivalent ways, e.g., by displacing the vacuum or, explicitly, by their infinite Poissonian expansion in Fock states. It is well known that these definitions become inequivalent if applied to finite d-level systems (qudits). We present a comparative Wigner-function description of the qudit CS defined (i) by the action of the truncated displacement operator on the vacuum and (ii) by the Poissonian expansion in Fock states of the Glauber CS truncated at (d − 1)-photon Fock state. These states can be generated from a classical light by its optical truncation using nonlinear and linear quantum scissors devices, respectively. We show a surprising effect that a macroscopically distinguishable superposition of two qudit CS (according to both definitions) can be generated with high fidelity by displacing the vacuum in the qudit Hilbert space. If the qudit dimension d is even (odd), then the superposition state contains Fock states with only odd (even) photon numbers, which can be referred to as the odd (even) qudit CS or Schr¨ odinger’s cat state. This phenomenon can be interpreted as an interference of a single CS with its reflection from the highest-energy Fock state of the Hilbert space, as clearly seen via phase-space interference of the Wigner function. We also analyze nonclassical properties of the qudit CS including their photon-number statistics and nonclassical volume of the Wigner function, which is a quantitative parameter of nonclassicality (quantumness) of states. Finally, we study optical tomograms, which can be directly measured in the homodyne detection of the analyzed qudit cat states and enable the complete reconstructions of their Wigner functions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A two-dimensional photonic crystal design of four defect dielectric rods, which form a microcavity with eigenfrequencies residing in the propagating band of a directional waveguide, resulting in a novel transmission resonance.
Abstract: We present a two-dimensional photonic crystal design of four defect dielectric rods, which form a microcavity with eigenfrequencies residing in the propagating band of a directional waveguide. In this system, a nonrobust bound state in the continuum (BSC) occurs as a result of full destructive interference of the monopole and quadrupole modes, with the same parity at certain values of the material parameters of the defect rods. Due to the Kerr effect, a robust BSC arises in a self-adaptive way without necessity to tune the material parameters. The absence of the superposition principle in that nonlinear system gives rise to coupling of the BSC with injected light, resulting in a novel transmission resonance.