Showing papers on "Supporting electrolyte published in 2008"
TL;DR: In this article, a novel cathode material, carbon sponge (CS), was investigated for treating wastewater containing the basic blue 3 (BB3) dye by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, electro-Fenton.
357 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different parameters on the nature and size of the particles as well as the mechanism of formation of the nanoparticles have been studied by different techniques and it was concluded that, under the electrochemical conditions used in this work, the NP mean size was found to be constant at around 20nm when the electrooxidation current density is increased from 10 to 200μm −2.
287 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electro-Fenton process was used to assess the decoloration of Orange II in aqueous solutions and the effect of operational parameters such as cathodic potential, oxygen mass flow rate and inert supporting electrolyte type and concentration were investigated.
188 citations
TL;DR: Findings show that the types of sacrificial electrodes are not very significant in the removal of 4-NP and the best results obtained when steel 310 and Fe are used as anode and employing Al and graphite as anodes would not be satisfactory.
183 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was successfully electropolymerized using a purified 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) as both the growth medium and the supporting electrolyte.
139 citations
TL;DR: Pyrolytic graphite electrodes (PGE) were modified into dopamine solutions using phosphate buffer solutions, pH 10 and 6.5, as supporting electrolyte, which permitted the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, (DA) and uric acid (UA), DeltaE(AA-DA)=222 mV; DeltaE (AA-UA)=360 mV and DeltaE-UA=138 mV, avoiding the superficial poisoning effects.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a procedure for the determination of aqueous Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry at a gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNPs-GCE).
Abstract: The aim of this work is the development of a procedure for the determination of aqueous Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry at a gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNPs-GCE). The signal of aqueous Hg(II) was measured in the square wave mode; the effect of potential scan parameters, deposition potential and deposition time on the analytical signal was examined. The supporting electrolyte was 0.06 M HCl. The repeatability, the linearity, the accuracy, the detection limit of the procedure and the interferences of other cations and of anions were evaluated. The performance of the AuNPs-GCE was compared with those of a solid (SGE) and a film (FGE) gold electrode: the AuNPs-GCE showed to provide lower detection limits and higher repeatability. The renewable surface permits to eliminate memory effects, to maintain a stable baseline and response, and to avoid frequent mechanical cleaning steps. The applicability of the AuNPs-GCE for Hg(II) determination in drinking waters, sediments and pharmaceuticals was demonstrated.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of supporting electrolyte type and concentration were investigated on the batch removal of water with high concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) by the electrocoagulation method using plate electrodes.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the morphology of anodic tungsten(VI) oxide (WO 3 ) layers and their subsequent photoelectrochemical response in 0.5 m Na 2 SO 4 supporting electrolyte was investigated.
120 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of oxalic acid incineration at boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes was investigated both theoretically and experimentally in order to find the influence of the operative parameters on the performances of the process.
103 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that initial pH, current density and supporting electrolyte type all played an important role in the dye degradation, and larger specific surface area and higher mesopore percentage could ensure more effective electrochemical degradation of dye.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the concentration of nitrate in the range between 100 and 62,000mg L −1 NaNO 3 in NaCl solutions was studied under constant potential electrolysis at −2.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
TL;DR: In this article, a new kind of modified electrode fabricated by attaching nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) to the surface of an amine-functionalized graphite is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, the anodic oxidation of Co2Fv(CO)4, 1 has been studied in dichloromethane containing [NBu4][TFAB] (TFAB = [B(C6F5)4]−) as the supporting electrolyte anion.
TL;DR: The synergistic effect of the different oxidation mechanisms that occurs into the electrochemical cell (direct oxidation and mediated oxidation by hydroxyl radicals and by oxidants formed from the electrolyte) is the responsible of the great efficiencies obtained with this technology in the treatment of organics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and efficient electrochemical route was developed by using non-noble metal nickel as the cathode and aluminum or magnesium as an anode for the synthesis of 2-arylsuccinic acids from carbon dioxide and aryl-substituted alkenes.
TL;DR: In this paper, Taguchi method was applied to determine the optimum dye removal from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes, and Taguchi's 'the larger the better' performance formula was used.
TL;DR: In this article, the results showed that the efficiency of boron removal increased with increasing current density and decreased with increasing borton concentration in the solution. But, the results were not shown for aluminum plate electrodes.
TL;DR: The model quantitatively describes the response of the contact angle (hydrophilicity) to the applied voltage as a function of background ionic strength and brush thickness, supporting the proposed mechanism of ion transport through the brush and electrochemical reaction at the electrode.
Abstract: Polyelectrolyte brushes with electroactive counterions provide an effective platform for surfaces with electrochemically switchable wetting properties. Polycationic poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride) (PMETAC) brushes with ferricyanide ions ([Fe(CN)6] 3-) were used as the electrochemically addressable surface. After a negative potential of -0.5 V was applied to the [Fe(CN)6](3-)-coordinated PMETAC brushes, the [Fe(CN)6](3-) species were reduced to [Fe(CN)6](4-), and the surface became more hydrophilic. By application of alternating negative and positive potentials, PMETAC brushes were switched reversibly between the reduced state ([Fe(CN)6]4-) and oxidized state ([Fe(CN)6]3-), resulting in reversible changes in water contact angles. The time required for a complete contact angle change can be tuned from 1 to 20 s, by changing the brush thickness and the concentration of supporting electrolyte. We present an electrochemical brush transport model that includes the electrochemical reaction at the charged electrode and describes ion transport through the brush phase covering the electrode. The model quantitatively describes the response of the contact angle (hydrophilicity) to the applied voltage as a function of background ionic strength and brush thickness, supporting the proposed mechanism of ion transport through the brush and electrochemical reaction at the electrode. A typical diffusion constant for ferricyanide in a PMETAC brush of any thickness in 5 mM KCl supporting electrolyte was found to be 2 x 10(-15) m2 s(-1), 5 to 6 orders of magnitude smaller than its bulk solution value.
TL;DR: An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of two water soluble pyridine based neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) by differential pulse voltammetry with a bismuth film electrode in aqueous BR buffer solution as supporting electrolyte as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of two water soluble pyridine based neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) by differential pulse voltammetry with a bismuth film electrode in aqueous Britton – Robinson buffer solution as supporting electrolyte. The bismuth film electrode preparation was optimized for cathodic voltammetric application. The reduction peaks of the neonicotionids appeared at potentials more negative than � 0.5 V (BiFE vs. Ag/AgCl/3.0 M KCl) and the signal characteristics depended on the pH of the supporting electrolyte. The best analysis conditions were found to be pH 8.0 for imidacloprid and pH 3.0 for acetamiprid at the following measurement parameters: pulse amplitude 50 mV, pulse width 50 ms and scan rate 25 mV. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 2.43 – 51.1 mg/cm 3 for imidacloprid and 2.95 – 47.3 mg/cm 3 for acetamiprid, while the detection limits were 0.73 mg/cm 3 and 0.88 mg/cm 3 for imidacloprid and acetamiprid, respectively. The electroanalytical method has allowed monitoring the heterogeneous photocatalytic (O2/TiO2/UV) degradation of the two insecticides via their disappearance. The dynamics and the reaction rate determined on the basis of the electrochemical data were validated with HPLC/DAD and FTIR measurements.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of operation conditions on DBFC performance was discussed, such as electrolyte membrane sorts, temperature, concentration of borohydride, supporting electrolyte(sodium hydroxide) and oxidant(hydrogen peroxide) supporting a new type of DBFC, which attracted attention because of high theory power density (93 kWh/g).
Abstract: A new type alkaline direct borohydride hydrogen peroxide fuel-cell (DBFC) is attracting attention because of high theory power density(93 kWh/g) The influence of operation conditions on DBFC performance was discussed, such as electrolyte membrane sorts, temperature, concentration of borohydride, supporting electrolyte(sodium hydroxide) and oxidant(hydrogen peroxide) The results show that Pt/C as anode electrocatalyst material and MnO2 as cathode electrocatalyst material have good electrochemical catalytic activity performance on direct NaBH4/H2O2 fuel cell system, using Nafion 117 electrolyte membrane, the peak power density can reach 130 mW/cm2 at 80 ℃, NaBH4, NaOH and H2O2 concentration are 10, 30, 60 mol/L respectively In conclusion, MnO2 as cathode electrode catalyst material would replace Pt/C of traditional DBFC and DBFC, and have good future for its low cost and convenient transportation
TL;DR: In this article, the electrodeposition of noble metals, i.e., platinum, palladium, and gold, into macroporous p-type silicon was examined, and it was shown that the electrophoresis occurred preferentially from the pore bottom to the opening when sodium chloride was used as a supporting electrolyte.
Abstract: The electrodeposition of noble metals, i.e., platinum, palladium, and gold, into macroporous p-type silicon was examined. For platinum and palladium, the electrodeposition proceeded preferentially from the pore bottom to the opening when sodium chloride was used as a supporting electrolyte. When sodium sulfate was used as a supporting electrolyte, the electrodeposition mainly proceeded at pore openings, leading to plugging. For gold electrodeposition, a condition for achieving pore filling from the bottom was not found in either the NaCI or Na 2 SO 4 solutions. Pore depth was another key factor to achieve continuous filling by electrodeposition. As the depth of pores became deeper, the electrodeposition proceeded preferentially from the bottom. The effect of mass transfer in pores was also investigated by changing the concentration of metal ions and applied potential.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical dicarboxylation of arylacetylenes with carbon dioxide was achieved in an undivided cell using Ni as the cathode and Al as the anode with n-Bu4NBr-DMF as the supporting electrolyte, at a constant current under CO2 pressure of 3MPa and room temperature in the absence of additional catalysts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of the silver amalgam film electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) of prolonged analytical applicability to the determination of cobalt and nickel by adsorptive stripping voltammetry is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) film-modified electrode was used for the determination of malachite green (MG) in fish.
Abstract: A multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) film-modified electrode is described for the determination of malachite green (MG). The electrochemical profile of MG was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), suggesting that the MWNT film facilitates the electron transfer of MG in terms of a potential shift and then significantly enhances the oxidation peak current of MG. The experimental parameters, such as supporting electrolyte, thickness of MWNT film, scan rate and accumulation time, were optimized. Consequently, a sensitive and convenient electrochemical method is proposed for the determination of MG. The oxidation peak current is proportional to the concentration of MG over the range from 5.0 × 10−8 to 8.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 obeying the following equation: ip = 0.09 + 1.19 × 107 C (r = 0.995, ip in µA, C in mol L−1). The detection limit is 6.0 × 10−9 mol L−1 (signal to noise = 3) after 5 min of accumulation. Moreover, this method possesses good reproducibility (RSD is 5.6%, n = 8) as well as long-term stability. Finally, the new method was employed to determine MG in fish samples.
TL;DR: A voltammetric electronic tongue and a conductivity meter were used to predict amounts of detergents in process water from washing machines and two different surfactants, alkyl benzyl sulfonate and etoxylated fatty alcohol, gave promising indications of its capabilities.
TL;DR: In this article, a composite material consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), including Au nanoparticles encapsulated by N -dodecyl-N, N -dimethyl-3-ammonium-1-propanesulphonate (SB12) is synthesized by constant current method on ITO glass, in aqueous medium, leading to an electrode coating.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sensitive method based on square wave voltammetry is described for the quantitative determination of elemental sulfur, disulfide and mercaptan in gasoline using a mercury film electrode.
TL;DR: A moderate enhancement of electroanalytical sensitivity for the determination of urea at EG-Ag-Z-Epoxy electrode was reached by applying a chemical preconcentration step prior to voltammetric/amperometric quantification.
Abstract: In this paper, a modified expanded graphite composite electrode based on natural zeolitic volcanic tuff modified with silver (EG-Ag-Z-Epoxy) was developed. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed a reasonably fast electron transfer and a good stability of the electrode in 0.1 M NaOH supporting electrolyte. This modified electrode exhibited moderate electrocatalytic effect towards urea oxidation, allowing its determination in aqueous solution. The linear dependence of the current versus urea concentration was reached using square-wave voltammetry in the concentrations range of urea between 0.2 to 1.4 mM, with a relatively low limit of detection of 0.05 mM. A moderate enhancement of electroanalytical sensitivity for the determination of urea at EG-Ag-Z-Epoxy electrode was reached by applying a chemical preconcentration step prior to voltammetric/amperometric quantification.
TL;DR: In this article, α-and β-cobalt hydroxyde thin films were synthesized by cathodic electrodeposition on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates, at 60 °C and 95 °C, respectively, using a very low concentration of Co(NO3)2 and an alkali nitrate supporting electrolyte.
Abstract: α- and β-cobalt hydroxyde thin films were synthesized by cathodic electrodeposition on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates, at 60 °C and 95 °C, respectively, using a very low concentration of Co(NO3)2 and an alkali nitrate supporting electrolyte. Localized cathodic electrochemical generation of hydroxyl species via the reduction of nitrate precursors led to the formation of well crystallized nanostructured films. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the films were composed of vertically oriented nanoparticle platelets with the c-axis parallel to the substrate surface, and free of turbostratic disorder. UV/Vis spectra and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) indicated variation between the cobalt structures. Films deposited at 60 °C yielded a hydrotalcite-like compound namely an “hydroxyl-deficient” [Co(OH)2–x(H2O)x ]x + with NO3– intercalated anion along with water molecules in the interlayer region. Those deposited at 95 °C yielded the brucite β-Co(OH)2. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)