Supporting electrolyte

About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.

Electrochemical reduction of quinones: interfacing experiment and theory for defining effective radii of redox moieties.

Abstract: Using cyclic voltammetry, we examined the dependence of the reduction potentials of six quinones on the concentration of the supporting electrolyte. An increase in the electrolyte concentration, resulting in an increase in the solution polarity, caused positive shifts of the reduction potentials. We ascribed the observed changes in the potentials to the dependence of the solvation energy of the quinones and their anions on the media polarity. Analysis of the reduction potentials, using the Born solvation energy equation, yielded unfeasibly small values for the effective radii of the quinone species, that is, the experimentally obtained effective radii were up to 4-fold smaller than the radii of the solvation cavities that we calculated for the quinones. The nonspherical shapes of the quinones, along with the uneven charge density distribution in their anions, encompassed the underlying reasons for the discrepancies between the obtained experimental and theoretical values for the radii of these redox speci...

Electrolytic removal of lead using a flow-through cell with a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode

Abstract: The aim of this work was to establish an electrolytic method for the removal of lead from wastewater using a three-dimensional, reticulated vitreous carbon cathode. During the development of the experimental setup, particular attention was paid to the electrolyte flow rate and to the cathode porosity. The electrolytic cell employed potential values in such a way that the lead reduction reaction occurred under mass transport control. The potentials were determined by hydrodynamic voltammetry using a borate/nitrate solution as the supporting electrolyte on a viterous carbon rotating disc electrode. The cell proved to be efficient in removing lead and was able to reduce the levels of this metal to 0.1mgdm-3 in 20min of recirculation, using the ratio catholyte volume/cathode volume equal to 0.027. The best configuration for this removal was a cathode porosity of 80ppi and a solution flow rate of 240dm3h-1.

Electrochemical degradation of Acid Blue 113 dye using TiO2-nanotubes decorated with PbO2 as anode

Abstract: In this study, degradation of an industrial textile dye by electrochemical oxidation (EO) approach has been performed in an aqueous medium. The galvanostatic electrolysis, through the use of the platinum supported on Ti (Ti/Pt), lead dioxide (Pb/PbO 2 ) and TiO 2 -nanotubes decorated with PbO 2 supported on Ti (Ti/TiO 2 -nanotubes/PbO 2 ) anodes, were conducted in an electrochemical flow cell with 1.0 L of solution containing 250 mg dm −3 of the textile dye Acid Blue 113 (AB113) using Na 2 SO 4 as supporting electrolyte, applying 20, 40 and 60 mA cm −2 . Large disk electrodes of Ti/TiO 2 -Nanotubes/PbO 2 (65 cm 2 of geometrical area) were successfully synthesized by anodization and electrodeposition procedures. The electrolytic process was monitored by the UV–visible spectrometry and the chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that the AB113 was successfully degraded by hydroxyl radicals electrogenerated from water discharge on the Ti/TiO 2 -Nanotubes/PbO 2 electrode surface. Compared with Ti/Pt and Pb/PbO 2 , the Ti/TiO 2 -Nanotubes/PbO 2 anode showed a better performance to remove the AB113. It provided a higher oxidation rate, higher current efficiency and consumed less energy than the galvanostatic electrolysis using the other electrodes.

UVA and solar light assisted photoelectrocatalytic degradation of AO7 dye in water using spray deposited TiO2 thin films

Abstract: The degradation of the azo-dye acid orange 7 (AO7) was performed in a photoelectrochemical reactor module consisting of up to nine photoelectrochemical cells equipped with TiO2 electrodes deposited on transparent conducting substrates. These electrodes were illuminated from the backside by UVA broadband light or sunlight. Electrical bias was applied for efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Solutions of AO7 (≤1 mM) in dilute supporting electrolyte (10 mM HClO4 or Na2SO4) were recirculated through the reactor(s) at a fixed flow rate of 12.2 l h−1 (mean flow velocity of 4.24 cm s−1). AO7 disappeared following first-order kinetics. During solar irradiation, using a total electrode area of 576 cm2, and 1.5 V bias with respect to a stainless steel counter electrode, a decay rate constant normalized to unit volume, k′, of 0.23 cm3 s−1 was found under a photocurrent of 0.1 A. Concentrations could be decreased to the micromolar range within 1 h.