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Supporting electrolyte

About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, the charge transport properties of the redox gels formed from the copolymerization of vinylferrocene (VF) with acrylamide and N,N-methylenebisacrylamides (PVAB gels) are described.
Abstract: The charge transport properties of the redox gels formed from the copolymerization of vinylferrocene (VF) with acrylamide and N,N‘-methylenebisacrylamide (PVAB gels) are described. The apparent electron diffusion coefficients (Dap) measured by cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry exhibit an upward bowlike curvature vs immobilized VF concentration ([VF]imm) within the range 0.1−1.60 mM in 0.10 M supporting electrolyte (NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, NaClO4, or NaNO3). The range of measured Dap values [(0.6−6.0) × 10-7 cm2 s-1] can be interpreted in terms of the mean-field model developed by Blauch and Saveant (Blauch, D. N.; Saveant, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3323). The large Dap values are attributed to the large λ (range of molecular motion permitted to the ferrocene residues) and large kex (bimolecular electron self-exchange rate constant of the ferrocenes in the PVAB gels). It was further observed that Dap decreases on increasing the electrolyte (NaClO4 or NaNO3) concentration from 0.10 to 0.50 M, especi...

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified carbon paste electrodes were prepared by the adsorption of flavin on a silica gel modified with zirconium oxide (Si:Zr:flavin).
Abstract: Modified carbon paste electrodes were prepared by the adsorption of flavin on a silica gel modified with zirconium oxide (Si:Zr:flavin). The electrochemical behavior of immobilized riboflavin, FMN and FAD was investigated. The formal potentials, Eo´, for the flavins in these electrodes were found to be -0.46 V vs. SCE, this being similar to their values obtained in solution. Their Eo´ values remained pH dependent with certain invariance for riboflavin between 4 and 5. The composition of the supporting electrolyte did not affect the Eo´ with exception of Ca2+, but in buffer systems and especially in phosphate a good rate of electron transfer was observed. The differences verified in the electrochemical behavior and UV-visible absorption spectra among the immobilized flavins are discussed in terms of different kinds of interaction.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Liu et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the functionality of the alkali metal solution in anion exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) using experiments and mathematical models, and showed that additional hydroxide plays a key role not only in ohmic resistance of the membrane and catalyst layer but also in reaction kinetics.
Abstract: Author(s): Liu, J; Kang, Z; Li, D; Pak, M; Alia, SM; Fujimoto, C; Bender, G; Kim, YS; Weber, AZ | Abstract: Many solid-state devices, especially those requiring anion conduction, often add a supporting electrolyte to enable efficient operation. The prototypical case is that of anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), where addition of an alkali metal solution improves performance. However, the specific mechanism of this performance improvement is currently unknown. This work investigates the functionality of the alkali metal solution in AEMWEs using experiments and mathematical models. The results show that additional hydroxide plays a key role not only in ohmic resistance of the membrane and catalyst layer but also in the reaction kinetics. The modeling suggests that the added liquid electrolyte creates an additional electrochemical interface with the electrocatalyst that provides ion-transport pathways and distributes product gas bubbles; the total effective electrochemical active surface area in the cell with 1 M KOH is 5 times higher than that of the cell with DI water. In the cell with 1 M KOH, more than 80% of the reaction current is associate with the liquid electrolyte. These results indicate the importance of high pH of electrolyte and catalyst/electrolyte interface in AEMWEs. The understanding of the functionality of the alkali metal solution presented in this study should help guide the design and optimization of AEMWEs.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, α-and β-cobalt hydroxyde thin films were synthesized by cathodic electrodeposition on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates, at 60 °C and 95 °C, respectively, using a very low concentration of Co(NO3)2 and an alkali nitrate supporting electrolyte.
Abstract: α- and β-cobalt hydroxyde thin films were synthesized by cathodic electrodeposition on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates, at 60 °C and 95 °C, respectively, using a very low concentration of Co(NO3)2 and an alkali nitrate supporting electrolyte. Localized cathodic electrochemical generation of hydroxyl species via the reduction of nitrate precursors led to the formation of well crystallized nanostructured films. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the films were composed of vertically oriented nanoparticle platelets with the c-axis parallel to the substrate surface, and free of turbostratic disorder. UV/Vis spectra and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) indicated variation between the cobalt structures. Films deposited at 60 °C yielded a hydrotalcite-like compound namely an “hydroxyl-deficient” [Co(OH)2–x(H2O)x ]x + with NO3– intercalated anion along with water molecules in the interlayer region. Those deposited at 95 °C yielded the brucite β-Co(OH)2. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical behavior of as-deposited diamond was examined in various non-aqueous solvents and supporting electrolytes, and the potential for the onset of anodic current was found to be dependent on the nature of the organic solvent.

40 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202335
2022104
2021109
2020122
2019122
2018147