Supporting electrolyte

About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.

Probing the shape-specific electrochemical properties of cobalt oxide nanostructures for their application as selective and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors

Abstract: In this work, a selective and sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor was developed using cobalt oxide nanoflowers (NF) Herein, for the first time, shape-specific electrochemical properties of cobalt oxide nanostructures were studied by synthesizing the spherical nanoparticle (NP), porous nanorod (NR) and nanoflower (NF) shapes of cobalt oxide by easy and facile wet-chemical processes Cobalt oxide nanoflowers showed high surface-to-volume ratio with superior electrocatalytic behavior, and therefore, are more suited for designing a selective and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor All the as-synthesized samples are characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques Prior to sensor fabrication, the nanostructures are further analyzed using voltammetric techniques for the determination of electroactive/real surface area and electrode parameters The cobalt oxide nanoflowers exhibit maximum electrocatalytic activity owing to the larger exposure area resulting from its unique 3-D hierarchical architecture with interconnected nanosized petals The influence of supporting electrolyte, electrolyte concentration and applied potential on the electrooxidation of glucose on cobalt oxide nanoflower-modified pencil graphite electrode (NF-PGE) sensor is examined, and the mechanism is explained The developed amperometric glucose sensor exhibits excellent anti-interfering property and two wide linear ranges of 5 to 60 μM and 02 to 30 mM, with high sensitivities of 69302 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 22803 μA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limits (LOD) as low as 004 μM and 014 μM, respectively Furthermore, the practical feasibility of the developed sensor was tested for the quantification of glucose in various commercially available soft drinks, fresh fruit extracts, and human blood samples via standard addition (SA) method

A Comparison of Simulated and Experimental voltammograms obtained for the [Fe(CN)6](3-/4- couple in the absence of added supporting electrolyte at a rotating disk electrode

Abstract: The voltammetric behavior of the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- couple at a glassy carbon rotating macrodisk electrode without added supporting electrolyte is shown to be in close to ideal agreement with the theory presented over a wide range of electrode rotation and scan rates when the concentration of electroactive species used is 50 mM. The influences of migration, uncompensated resistance, heterogeneous charge-transfer kinetics, and inhomogeneous diffusion are shown to be well modeled by a finite difference simulation scheme that affords excellent agreement between experiment and theory. The use of the rotating disk electrode, even when only moderate rotation rates are employed, is shown to eliminate the problem with natural convection that exists when using stationary electrodes (macro- or microdisk) and that is enhanced in the absence of added supporting electrolyte. Consequently, it has been concluded that the rotating disk electrode method represents an almost ideal technique for conducting studies without added...

Electrochemical studies of micelle–counterion interactions in mixtures of ionic and non-ionic surfactants

Abstract: For solutions containing a 1 : 1 ionic surfactant plus a 1 : 1 electrolyte with a common counterion the expression α2±=C3[C3+m1+α(C1–m1)]γ2 is used to estimate the effective micellar degree of dissociation α from experimental values of a±. The mean ionic activity of supporting electrolyte in situations where m1C3C1(C3, C1 and m1 denote concentrations of added salt, total ionic surfactant and ionic-surfactant monomer, respectively, and γ is an appropriate activity coefficient). The method is free from uncertainties due to liquid-junction effects. For pure ionic surfactants α is found to depend only weakly on C1 and agrees well with values obtained from the effect of salt on the c.m.c. For mixtures of ionic + non-ionic surfactants 1/α is found to vary linearly with micellar mole fraction of the non-ionic xN and aproach unity as xN→ 1. The implications of this finding on the validity of a recent theory describing the c.m.c. of such mixtures is discussed.

Development of a novel environmentally friendly electropolymerization of water-insoluble monomers in aqueous electrolytes using acoustic emulsification.

Abstract: Electropolymerization of water-insoluble monomers, such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), 3,4-dimethylthiophene (3,4-DiMeTh), 3-methylthiophene (3-MeTh), and 3-ethylthiophene (3-EtTh), proceeded successfully in aqueous electrolytes using acoustic emulsification. Ultrasonication to the water-insoluble monomer/aqueous electrolyte mixtures allowed the formation of very stable emulsions having the characteristic of giving narrow monomer droplet size distributions in the submicrometer range in aqueous electrolytes without added surfactants, and the smooth electropolymerization in the emulsions took place via direct electron transfer between the electrode and the water-insoluble monomer droplets. In this kind of electron-transfer system, the supporting electrolyte should be dissolved not only in the aqueous phase but also in the monomer droplets and contribute to the formation of an electric bilayer inside the droplets. The properties of a polymer EDOT film obtained by the present method were also investigated.