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Supporting electrolyte

About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed experiments with thin layer cells of polyaniline containing a supporting electrolyte such as LiC10 4 dissolved in polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
Abstract: Polyaniline is currently considered to have good device potential [1-5]. One of the devices for which polyaniline is seriously considered is the electrochromic display. A number of studies on the electrochromism (EC) of polyaniline covering various aspects, such as the mechanism of the colour change [6-8] and the effect of cell parameters on the switching time [9], have been done, but these and similar studies have generally been conducted in liquid media in electrochemical cells. In practical devices it is preferable to employ solid materials in order to minimize the problems of sealing in hazardous liquids. Furthermore, EC devices are usually required to have a thin layer configuration. With these considerations in mind, we have performed experiments with thin layer cells of polyaniline containing a supporting electrolyte such as LiC10 4 dissolved in polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). We have also studied cells containing urea dissolved in glycerol as the medium. We report the performance of such cells in this letter. A polymeric electrolyte such as PEO was chosen because the amorphous nature of PEO leads to good ionic conductivity and redox stability up to +3 V [10]. In addition, the combination of PEO/ LiC104 is known to be a very fast ionic conductor, with the Li ÷ being the mobile species [11]. Recently, reports have also appeared which describe solid state electrochromic cells of methylene blue using polyacrylamide [12] and gels of polymethyl methacrylate in electrochromic cells of WO3 [13]. The composition of the electrochromic cells used in this study is given in Table I. We have studied the effects of the medium on the various parameters such as switching time, cycle lifetime and applied voltage on the electrochromic display. The current transients for the switching reaction of polyaniline were analysed to understand the influence of mass transport on the switching reaction in polyaniline. Cells for electrochromic studies were constructed as follows. Polyaniline (nominal thickness 1 #m) was coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) plate by application of alternating voltage ( -0 .1 V to 1 V) in HC1 medium containing 0.1 M aniline. The film was dried and dip coated with the appropriate electrolyte then covered with another plate of ITO. The whole assembly was then sealed with wax to exclude air. The schematic of such an electrochromic cell is shown in Fig. 1. Electrical contacts were made using alligator clips after ensuring that there was minimal contact resistance. The cell was mounted on a stand in an optical bench and illuminated at 632 nm with a tungsten-halogen lamp (Oriel Corp., USA) through a monochromator (Oriel). The transmitted light was monitored by an Si photodiode (Oriel). The diode

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical properties of solid films deposited on an electrode surface by simultaneous electrochemical reduction of C60 and palladium(II) acetate trimer in an acetonitrile/toluene mixture have been studied using cyclic voltammetry.
Abstract: The electrochemical properties of solid films deposited on an electrode surface by simultaneous electrochemical reduction of C60 and palladium(II) acetate trimer in an acetonitrile/toluene mixture have been studied using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical switching between the doped (conducting) and undoped (nonconducting) states involves both electron and ion transport within the film. The overall control of charge percolation through the C60/Pd electroactive material is governed by the transport of cations. The ion transport depends both on the nature of solvent and supporting electrolyte. The size of solvent molecule is the major factor determining the degree of solvent swelling of the layer. In the case of small solvent molecules, the C60/Pd film exhibits a reversible redox behavior. For larger molecule solvents, the voltammograms show a departure from reversibility. The reduction of the layer is accompanied by changes in its morphology allowing for the solvent swelling of the film also in the ca...

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two triphenylamine derivatives were successfully prepared and combined with HV to fabricate the electrochromic device as a panchromatic shutter for the application of transparent display.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Hg cell was prepared by successive electrodepositions of MnO 2 and PAN on a carbon substrate, using liquid lithium amalgam as the top contact and showed a stable open circuit potential and behaved normally under the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT).

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the half-wave potential of CH2Cl2 at Ni, Cu, Pt and Ag electrodes in acetonitrile and (C4H9)4NI 0.1m as supporting electrolyte was studied.
Abstract: The electroreduction of CH2Cl2 at Ni, Cu, Pt and Ag electrodes in acetonitrile and (C4H9)4NI 0.1m as supporting electrolyte was studied. The half-wave potential was found to be in the range −2.2 to −2.5V vs SCE at room temperature. From the analysis of the gaseous products it was found that methane, ethylene, chloromethane, propene and butene isomers were the main products, while at silver and platinum cathodes methane was mainly produced. The effect of the potential on the current efficiency of the gaseous products was also studied. The current efficiency of the products increases at concentration levels of CH2Cl2 up to 0.2m, whereas at higher values its CE is not significantly influenced. The application of the Schultz–Flory distribution analysis to the experimental data showed that the hydrocarbons are mainly formed via polymerization of methylene radicals on the surface of Ni and Cu electrodes. At Ag and Pt electrodes the mechanism appears to be different.

37 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202335
2022104
2021109
2020122
2019122
2018147