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Supporting electrolyte
About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the charge of the electroactive species on its mass transport to the electrode is considered when only small amounts of supporting electrolyte are added to the solution.
Abstract: Chronoamperometric transients are recorded in different quantities of supporting electrolyte, from full to self-support, for one electron transfer reactions of redox systems carrying diverse charges, and are studied to dissect migrational and diffusional contributions to mass transport under different conditions (applied overpotential, electrode radius, kinetics and charge of electroactive species). The one-electron redox systems studied are the reductions of Ru3+ (hexaammineruthenium(III)/(II)), Co3+ (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene), and Fe3+ (hexacyanoferrate(III)/(II)). The mass transport (diffusion and migration) is simulated using the Nernst−Planck−Poisson (NPP) model, with good agreement between experiment and theory. The effect of the charge of the electroactive species on its mass transport to the electrode is considered when only small amounts of supporting electrolyte are added to the solution. The mass transport to the electrode is increased by “attractive” migration when a positively charged electr...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, anodic treatment in a basic electrolyte supports the formation of a molecular tricyclic architecture called Pummerer's ketone, which can be applied to several related phenolic sub-states.
Abstract: The oxidative phenol coupling reaction of phenols with simple methyl substituents can be difficult due to several by-products. Such a challenging substrate is 2,4-dimethyl - phenol. We studied the electrochemical access to the ortho-coupled dehydrodimer. Anodic treatment in a basic electrolyte supports the formation of a molecular tricyclic architecture called Pummerer's ketone. Employing a two-step sequence involving anodic conversion of 2,4-dimethylphenol to a preliminary substrate and different workup protocols yield exclu- sively and diastereoselectively polycyclic architectures. The selective ortho-coupling reac- tion was achieved by two strategies: A tetraphenoxy borate can be used as template substrate which can be easily made in large scale. Due to the ionic nature of the borate, no supporting electrolyte is required. This methodology can be applied to several related phenolic sub- strates. The second route is described by the direct conversion of 2,4-dimethylphenol on boron-doped diamond anodes. Surprisingly, the electrochemical transformation does not de- struct or mineralize the substrate. Fluorinated additives allow the conversion of a broad scope of substrates.
35 citations
TL;DR: Polarization characteristics of Ni and Co powders and Ni-Co alloy powders electrodeposition from ammonium chloride containing supporting electrolyte and their morphologies are investigated as a function of Ni 2+ and Co 2+ ions concentrations as discussed by the authors.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, bipolar electrochemistry is employed for both creating electrocatalysts composition gradient and visual screening of the prepared composition on a single substrate in just two experiment runs.
Abstract: Bipolar electrochemistry (BE) is employed for both creating electrocatalysts composition gradient and visual screening of the prepared composition on a single substrate in just two experiment runs. In a series of proof-of-principle experiments, we demonstrate gradient electrodeposition of Ni–Cu using BE; then the electrocatalytic activity of the prepared composition gradient toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is visually screened in the BE system using array of BPEs. Moreover, the morphology and the chemical composition of the Ni–Cu gradient are screened along the length of the bipolar electrode (BPE). By measuring the potential gradient over the BPE, it is also demonstrated that by controlling the concentration of the metals precursor and the supporting electrolyte, the length of the bipolar electrodeposited gradient can be controlled.
35 citations
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that in contrast to the behavior of sulfate ions the pH dependence of phosphate ions goes through a maximum, and it was found that the reversible adsorption of phosphate ion is accompanied by the formation of strongly chemisorbed species.
35 citations