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Supporting electrolyte
About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple expression for the Donnan equilibrium between a solution of charged colloid plus electrolyte and an electrolyte alone is derived, and expressions for the solute chemical potentials and the osmotic pressure are obtained.
Abstract: Thermodynamic arguments are used to derive a simple expression for the Donnan equilibrium between a solution of charged colloid plus electrolyte and a solution of electrolyte alone. From it, expressions for the solute chemical potentials and the osmotic pressure are obtained. Polydispersity, excluded volume effects and interactions between the various solute species are allowed for. The treatment has features in common with approaches based on the Poisson–Boltzmann equation but is simpler and is not restricted by considerations of particle geometry. It predicts successfully the characteristic behaviour of dilute solutions of polyelectrolyte plus salt and agrees with experimentally obtained activity coefficients of supporting electrolyte better than a prominent existing model. When the theory is applied to solutions of ionic surfactants the dubious assumptions inherent in some previous approaches are avoided, yet similar equations emerge which allow better for solution non-ideality and give good agreement with experiment. The treatment also permits the application to charged micelles of the methods successfully applied previously to non-ionic micelles. The application to colloid stability is discussed. Finally, the application to polyacid titration behaviour is outlined. This exposes some limitations of the theory and suggests appropriate modifications.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electron transfer between the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox couple in aqueous solution was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, surface sensitive spectroscopies (XPS, LEIS) were used to characterize 12 alloys between 0% and 100% Pt after transfer from an electrochemical cell to an ultra high vaccum chamber without contact to air.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach to characterising electrocatalysts at the solid polymer electrolyte interface by using high roughness factor microelectrodes composed of precious metal electro catalysts is introduced.
85 citations
TL;DR: The use of EDTA in the medium to avoid the passivation of a solid electrode during electrochemical analysis of acetaminophen is presented, showing a significant increase in sensitivity, precision and stability of the measurements, when compared to the system in absence of the chelating agent.
85 citations