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Supporting electrolyte
About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a carbon paste electrode modified with zirconium phosphated-silica was used for the determination of cadmium, which demonstrated linear response over a wide range of Cd(II) concentration with an accumulation time of 120 s. The effects of potential interfering ions were studied, and it was found that the proposed procedure was free from most interferences.
Abstract: A carbon paste electrode modified with zirconium phosphated-silica was used for the determination of cadmium. The measurements were carried out in three steps including an open circuit accumulation, subsequent electrolysis of accumulated cadmium at the carbon paste electrode, and differential pulse voltammetric determination. The effects of several experimental variables such as carbon paste composition, pH of solution at the accumulation step, pH and concentration of supporting electrolyte, electrolysis potential, accumulation time and electrolysis time were studied. The resulting electrode demonstrated linear response over a wide range of Cd(II) concentration (3–1400 ng mL −1 ) with an accumulation time of 120 s. The effects of potential interfering ions were studied, and it was found that the proposed procedure was free from most interferences. The prepared electrode was used for determination of cadmium in some artificial synthetic samples, and very good recovery results were obtained over a wide concentration range of cadmium.
68 citations
TL;DR: Peroxi-coagulation emerges as a promising and competitive alternative for wastewaters depollution, among other oxidative approaches.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the phase transition boundaries for DNA fragments with a contour length approximating the persistence length were determined as functions of DNA concentration from 10 to 300 mg/ml solvent, supporting electrolyte concentration from 0.01 to 1.0 M, and temperature from 20°C to 60°C.
Abstract: Aqueous solutions of concentrated DNA, a strong polyelectrolyte, in 1:1 electrolyte form liquid-crystalline phases analogous to those observed for other semi-rigid neutral polymers and weak polyelectrolytes. Phase transitions were examined in detail for DNA fragments with a contour length (500 A) approximating the persistence length. These fragments form at least three lyotropic phases. The lowest density or “precholesteric” phase appears to be a nematic with a slight and easily variable twist. The intermediate density phase is a true cholesteric with a pitch of ≈2.1 μm. With increasing concentration the cholesteric phase unwinds prior to formation of the third, high density, columnar phase. Phase transition boundaries were determined as functions of DNA concentration from 10 to 300 mg/ml solvent, supporting electrolyte concentration from 0.01 to 1.0 M, and temperature from 20°C to 60°C. Critical concentrations for formation of anisotropic phase (Ci) and disappearance of isotropic phase (Ca) were only moderately dependent on temperature. Ci, Ca, and the pitch of the cholesteric phase were surprisingly insensitive to the supporting electrolyte concentration. The insensitivity can be most simply related to the high concentrations required for anisotropic phase formation by these rather short, highly charged rod-like DNA fragments. At high concentrations the DNA counterions contribute significantly to the effective ionic strength, hence overall charge screening, and the counterion atmosphere as monitored by 23Na NMR, appears to be perturbed by inter-rod interactions.
68 citations
TL;DR: The synergistic effect of the different oxidation mechanisms that occurs into the electrochemical cell (direct oxidation and mediated oxidation by hydroxyl radicals and by oxidants formed from the electrolyte) is the responsible of the great efficiencies obtained with this technology in the treatment of organics.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thin film of prussian blue analogues containing indium was first electrodeposited on platinum electrode surfaces and the modified electrode surface has been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction method as well as ir spectra.
67 citations