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Supporting electrolyte
About: Supporting electrolyte is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5011 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of ion exchange membranes and supporting electrolytes on the resistance and electrochemical performance of a neutral AORFB, where FcNCl is (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and MV is methyl viologen dichloride.
Abstract: Neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have stood out as a promising RFB technology for sustainable and safe energy storage. It is critical to improve their energy efficiency and power density to meet fast charge/discharge responses in the application of large scale electrochemical energy storage. Herein we show a systematic study on the effects of ion exchange membranes and supporting electrolytes on the resistance and electrochemical performance of a neutral AORFB, the FcNCl/MV AORFB, where FcNCl is (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and MV is methyl viologen dichloride. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies revealed that the membrane and the supporting electrolyte are the primary and secondary components accountable for the resistance and charge/discharge overpotential of the neutral AORFB. With an optimized combination of the membrane and the supporting electrolyte, unprecedented energy efficiency and power density of 85% at 40 mA cm−2 and 79% at 60 mA cm−2 and 122.7 mW cm−2 were achieved for the neutral AORFB. The present results emphasize the importance of minimizing battery resistance, and also further advance the promise of neutral AORFBs for sustainable and green energy storage of renewable energy.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sequence of reactions is proposed to account for the formation of H 2 O 2 in acidic solutions by a pH-independent mechanism, and the reduction of oxygen at all pre-oxidized metal electrodes except Ag and Au appears to occur by the same mechanism.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a liquid cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry (LCGD-AES) was constructed for simultaneously determination of K, Na, Ca, Mg and Zn in water samples (tap water, mineral water, Yellow River water and waste water).
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a photoelectrochemical process containing seawater as a natural low-cost supporting electrolyte was used to remove ammonium from wastewater in a continuous flow mode, and the effect of four main independent parameters, including initial ammonium concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT), current intensity and initial pH on the removal of ammonia was evaluated by the model.
Abstract: In the present study, a photoelectrochemical process containing seawater as a natural low-cost supporting electrolyte was used to remove ammonium from wastewater in a continuous flow mode. Based on central composite design (CCD), response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the performance of the process in ammonia removal. The effect of four main independent parameters, including initial ammonium concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT), current intensity and initial pH on the removal of ammonia was evaluated by the model. The optimal initial ammonium concentration, HRT, current intensity and initial pH were 917 mg NH 4− N;·L −1, 108 min, 1.8 A and 8.4, respectively. The high coefficients (R 2=0.97 and adjusted R 2=0.94) obtained by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated close correlation between predicted and experimental values. Also, treating the reject water from the sludge dewatering unit as an ammonium-rich wastewater showed the effectiveness of the process for treating r...
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nitrobenzene droplet including ferrocene (Fc) was attached to a glassy carbon electrode in aqueous solution so that a three-phase boundary between the water, the oil and the electrode was formed.
59 citations