Supreme court

About: Supreme court is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 41858 publications have been published within this topic receiving 306787 citations. The topic is also known as: court of last resort & highest court of appeal.

Measuring Attitudes toward the United States Supreme Court

Abstract: It is conventional in research on the legitimacy of the U.S. Supreme Court to rely on a survey question asking about confidence in the leaders of the Court to indicate something about the esteem with which that institution is regarded by the American people. The purpose of this article is to investigate the validity of this measure. Based on a nationally representative survey conducted in 2001, we compare confidence with several different measures of Court legitimacy. Our findings indicate that the confidence replies seem to reflect both short-term and long-term judgments about the Court, with the greater influence coming from satisfaction with how the Court is performing at the moment. We suggest a new set of indicators for measuring the legitimacy of the Court and offer some evidence on the structure of the variance in these items.

State Law, Shareholder Protection, and the Theory of the Corporation

Abstract: THIS spring the Supreme Court rejected a claim that the anti-fraud provisions of the Securities Exchange Act' impose a general fiduciary duty on those who control a corporation to act fairly toward minority interests.2 This decision, rejecting attempts to expand federal authority over internal corporate affairs through interpretation and thereby limiting the federal role to preventing fraud in securities transactions, may well increase the demands for major federal regulatory legislation governing the shareholdercorporation relationship. It is almost universally the opinion of academic commentators that state corporation codes do not impose sufficiently stringent controls on corporate management and are lax in protecting shareholders. Only federal intervention, it is said, can correct this sorry situation. This article will test the intellectual underpinnings of the conventional wisdom and of the rather venerable proposals calling for the federal regulation of the governance of corporations3 against an economic theory of corporate function and control. It will conclude both that state corporate legal systems are

The eighteenth-century commonwealthman : studies in the transmission, development, and circumstance of English liberal thought from the restoration of Charles II until the war with the thirteen colonies

Abstract: In her Introduction to The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman, Caroline Robbins wrote that the Commonwealthmen were "a gifted and active minority of the population of the British Isles, who kept alive, during an age of extraordinary complacency and legislative inactivity, a demand for increased liberty of conscience.". Their essays, arguments, pamphlets, and histories -- a continual flow from the late seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth -- were hugely popular in America. The themes presented were revolutionary: separation of powers, natural rights, rotation in office, religious freedom, a supreme court, and resistance to tyranny. They achieved very little political success, but the documents of later generations are full of ideas kept alive by the Commonwealthmen in difficult times. In The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman, Robbins adeptly presents a history of these men, whose writings advocated the principles of liberty in an era when change was considered perilous.

Elbridge Gerry's Salamander: The Electoral Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution

Abstract: [Preface] Elbridge Gerry was governor of Massachusetts from 1810 to 1812. During his term, his party produced an artful electoral map intended to maximize the number of seats it could eke out of its expected vote share. Contemporary observers latched onto one district in particular, in the shape of a salamander, and pronounced it a Gerry-mander. This book is about a unique episode in the long history of American gerrymandering – the Supreme Court’s landmark reapportionment decisions in the early 1960s and their electoral consequences. The dramatis personae of our story are the state politicians who drew congressional district lines, the judges on the courts supervising their handiwork, and the candidates competing for congressional office. The plot of our story concerns the strategic adaptation of these actors to the new electoral playing field created by the Court’s decisions.