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Surface roughness

About: Surface roughness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 70112 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1084515 citations. The topic is also known as: roughness & texture.


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TL;DR: In this paper, a Hookeanelastic model is used to compute the additional effect of bulk mechanical forces on electrode stability. But the authors assume that the surface tension resists the amplification of surface roughness at cathodes and show that instability at lithium/liquid interfaces cannot be prevented by surface forces alone.
Abstract: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, USAPast theories of electrode stability assume that the surface tension resists the amplification of surface roughness at cathodes andshow that instability at lithium/liquid interfaces cannot be prevented by surface forces alone @Electrochim. Acta, 40, 599 ~1995!#.This work treats interfacial stability in lithium/polymer systems where the electrolyte is solid. Linear elasticity theory is employedto compute the additional effect of bulk mechanical forces on electrode stability. The lithium and polymer are treated as Hookeanelastic materials, characterized by their shear moduli and Poisson’s ratios. Two-dimensional displacement distributions that satisfyforce balances across a periodically deforming interface are derived; these allow computation of the stress and surface-tensionforces. The incorporation of elastic effects into a kinetic model demonstrates regimes of electrolyte mechanical properties whereamplification of surface roughness can be inhibited. For a polymer material with Poisson’s ratio similar to poly~ethylene oxide!,interfacial roughening is mechanically suppressed when the separator shear modulus is about twice that of lithium.© 2005 The Electrochemical Society. @DOI: 10.1149/1.1850854# All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted January 16, 2004; revised manuscript received July 29, 2004. Available electronically January 11, 2005.

1,195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A backscattering model for scattering from a randomly rough dielectric surface is developed and both like- and cross-polarized scattering coefficients are obtained that satisfy reciprocity and contain only multiple scattering terms.
Abstract: A backscattering model for scattering from a randomly rough dielectric surface is developed. Both like- and cross-polarized scattering coefficients are obtained. The like-polarized scattering coefficients contain single scattering terms and multiple scattering terms. The single scattering terms are shown to reduce to the first-order solutions derived from the small perturbation method when the roughness parameters satisfy the slightly rough conditions. When surface roughnesses are large but the surface slope is small, only a single scattering term corresponding to the standard Kirchhoff model is significant. If the surface slope is large, the multiple scattering term will also be significant. The cross-polarized backscattering coefficients satisfy reciprocity and contain only multiple scattering terms. The difference between vertical and horizontal scattering coefficients increases with the dielectric constant and is generally smaller than that predicted by the first-order small perturbation model. Good agreements are obtained between this model and measurements from statistically known surfaces. >

1,190 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 May 2000-Langmuir
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between sliding angles and contact angles on superhydrophobic surfaces with roughness was investigated and an equation was derived to describe the relationship of sliding angle and contact angle.
Abstract: Various superhydrophobic films having different surface roughnesses were prepared, and the relationships between the sliding angle, the contact angle, and the surface structure were investigated. In the highly hydrophobic region, the sliding angles of water droplets decreased with increasing contact angles. Microstructural observation revealed that surface structures that can trap air are important for the preparation of low-sliding-angle surfaces. We have also derived an equation that describes the relationship between sliding angles and contact angles on superhydrophobic surfaces with roughness. The results calculated on the basis of this equation agreed well with the experimental ones. Moreover, we have successfully prepared a transparent superhydrophobic film whose sliding angle is ∼1° for a 7 mg water droplet. On this film, there was almost no resistance to the sliding of water droplets. The film obtained satisfies the requirements of superhydrophobicity, transparency, and a low water sliding angle.

1,189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a sliding scale of roughness is proposed for estimating the shear strength of rough joints, and the curvature of the proposed strength envelopes reduces as the roughness coefficient reduces, and also varies with the strength of the weathered joint wall or unweathered rock.

1,168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory for laser-induced periodic surface structure was developed by associating each Fourier component of induced structure with the corresponding Fourier components of inhomogeneous energy deposition just beneath the surface.
Abstract: We develop a theory for laser-induced periodic surface structure by associating each Fourier component of induced structure with the corresponding Fourier component of inhomogeneous energy deposition just beneath the surface. We assume that surface roughness, confined to a region of height much less than the wavelength of light, is responsible for the symmetry breaking leading to this inhomogeneous deposition; we find strong peaks in this deposition in Fourier space, which leads to predictions of induced fringe patterns with spacing and orientation dependent on the angle of incidence and polarization of the damaging beam. The nature of the generated electromagnetic field structures and their relation to the simple "surface-scattered wave" model for periodic surface damage are discussed. Our calculation, which is for arbitrary angle of incidence and polarization, applies a new approach to the electrodynamics of randomly rough surfaces, introducing a variational principle to deal with the longitudinal fields responsible for local field, or "depolarization," corrections. For a $p$-polarized damaging beam our results depend on shape and filling factors of the surface roughness, but for $s$-polarized light they are essentially independent of these generally unknown parameters; thus an unambiguous comparison of our theory with experiment is possible.

1,144 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20233,051
20226,657
20213,491
20203,649
20193,679