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Surface tension
About: Surface tension is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25410 publications have been published within this topic receiving 695471 citations.
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TL;DR: In the regime where nanoparticle-nanoparticle repulsion is large, the Wilhelmy plate method suggests interfacial tension reduction, which appears to be a strong function of nanoparticle surface coverage.
Abstract: Although it is well known that solid particles adsorb at interfaces, no consensus has been reached on whether the adsorbed nanoparticles affect interfacial tension. In this work the Wilhelmy plate method is implemented in mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics simulations to study the influence of nanoparticles on the water-oil interfacial tension. The results are compared with predictions that neglect nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions at the interface. We find that the two estimates can differ significantly. In the regime where nanoparticle-nanoparticle repulsion is large, the Wilhelmy plate method suggests interfacial tension reduction, which appears to be a strong function of nanoparticle surface coverage. Some experimental data from the literature, in apparent disagreement, are reinterpreted based on this insight.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interfacial tension between the two aqueous phases of dextran water systems was determined by the rotating drop method, and a linear relationship between the logarithm of the inter-phase tension and the length of the tie line of the phase diagram was found.
133 citations
01 Jun 2006
TL;DR: The numerical results indicate that at low capillary number, even with a trace amount of surfactant, the interface is immobilized, and it is shown that for large Péclet numbers the use of the small deformation theory to measure the interfacial tension in the case where surfactants are present can introduce a significant error.
Abstract: The effect of insoluble surfactants on drop deformation and breakup in simple shear flow is studied using a combination of a three-dimensional boundary-integral method and a finite-volume method to solve the coupled fluid dynamics and surfactant transport problem over the evolving interface. The interfacial tension depends nonlinearly on the surfactant concentration, and is described by the equation of state for the Langmuir isotherm. Results are presented over the entire range of the viscosity's ratio λ and the surface coverage x, as well as the capillary number Ca that spans from that for small deformation to values that are beyond the critical one Ca cr . The values of the elasticity number E, which reflects the sensitivity of the interfacial tension to the maximum surfactant concentration, are chosen in the interval 0.1 ⩽ E ⩽ 0.4 and a convection dominated regime of surfactant transport, where the influence of the surfactant on drop deformation is the most significant, is considered. For a better understanding of the processes involved, the effect of surfactants on the drop dynamics is decoupled into three surfactant related mechanisms (dilution, Marangoni stress and stretching) and their influence is separately investigated. The dependence of the critical capillary number Ca cr ( λ ) on the surface coverage is obtained and the boundaries between different modes of breakup (tip-streaming and drop fragmentation) in the (λ; x) plane are searched for. The numerical results indicate that at low capillary number, even with a trace amount of surfactant, the interface is immobilized, which has also been observed by previous studies. In addition, it is shown that for large Peclet numbers the use of the small deformation theory to measure the interfacial tension in the case where surfactants are present can introduce a significant error.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the problem of determining the elastic states of an embedded inclusion in a wide variety of physical problems, including localized thermal heating, residual strains, dislocationinduced plastic strains, phase transformations, overall or effective elastic, plastic and viscoplastic properties of composites, damage in heterogeneous materials, quantum dots, interconnect reliability, microstructural evolution, to name a few.
Abstract: The determination of elastic states of an embedded inclusion is of considerable importance in a wide variety of physical problems. In the classical elasticity context this problem was first solved rigorously by 1. The latter work, both with and without modifications, has been employed to tackle a diverse set of problems: Localized thermal heating, residual strains, dislocationinduced plastic strains, phase transformations, overall or effective elastic, plastic and viscoplastic properties of composites, damage in heterogeneous materials, quantum dots, interconnect reliability, microstructural evolution, to name a few. The classical solution of an embedded inclusion neglects the presence of surface or interface energies and indeed, the effects of those are negligible except in the size range of tens of nanometers, where one contends with a significant surface-to-volume ratio. Clearly, the influence of surface/interface energies only extends to the nanoscale regime, as illustrated by various mechanical and optoelectronic applications
132 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, steady state hole profiles were obtained for a vertical beam including the effects of gravity and surface tension, and it was shown that surface tension reduces the depth of penetration typically by a factor of about three.
Abstract: In laser (or electron-beam) welding a high-intensity beam is directed on to a metal surface causing melting and evaporation. If the rate of evaporation is sufficiently high, then the laser will drill a 'keyhole' into the molten metal, thereby depositing power deep into the material. This drilling process will be opposed by the flow of molten metal into the keyhole, and in the steady state the two effects balance each other over the entire surface of the hole. Steady-state hole profiles are obtained for a vertical beam including the effects of gravity and surface tension. It is shown that surface tension reduces the depth of penetration typically by a factor of about three.
132 citations