Topic
Surface tension
About: Surface tension is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25410 publications have been published within this topic receiving 695471 citations.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the Marangoni flow can significantly influence the resulting patterns of particle deposition in the face of nonuniform evaporation.
Abstract: Nonuniform evaporation from sessile droplets induces radial convection within the drop, which produces the well-known ‘‘coffee-ring’’ effect. The evaporation also induces a gradient in temperature and consequently a gradient in surface tension, generating a Marangoni flow. Here we investigate theoretically and experimentally the thermal Marangoni flow and establish criteria to gauge its influence. An asymptotic analysis indicates that the direction of the flow depends on the relative thermal � ;
526 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations to observe the self-assembly of the surfactant molecules into bilayer membranes and measured the interfacial tension and the compressibility modulus of these bilayers.
Abstract: Binary Lennard-Jones fluids consisting of “solvent” and “surfactant” molecules are studied as simplified model systems for amphiphilic molecules in solution. Using Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, we observe the self-assembly of the surfactant molecules into bilayer membranes. These bilayers are fluid since the surfactants exhibit rapid lateral diffusion. We also measure the interfacial tension and the compressibility modulus of these bilayers. We show that they exhibit a tensionless state and characterize the corresponding stress profile. In this way, we bridge the gap between previous theoretical studies which were based (i) on discrete models with atomic resolution and (ii) on continuum models in which the bilayer membrane is treated as a smooth surface.
523 citations
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25 Dec 1996
TL;DR: It is suggested that dissolved gas (microbubble) gradients between macroscopic bubbles plays an important role in the coalescence process of bubble coalescence by electrolytes.
Abstract: The surface tension of aqueous solutions of simple inorganic electrolytes (36 in total) have been measured by the maximum bubble pressure method as a function of electrolyte concentration up to 1 M. In most cases the surface tension increased, however in a minority of cases, certain combinations of cations and anions had a negligible effect or decreased surface tension. Results were analysed in terms of surface tension/electrolyte concentration gradients ( d (Δγ)/ dc ) and this parameter was found to correlate with the entropies of ion hydration, Jones–Dole viscosity coefficients and dissolved oxygen gradients. Calculation of Gibbs surface deficiencies for selected electrolytes were carried out using the raw surface tension data. Discussion of the surface tension/electrolyte concentration gradients was extended to the mechanism of inhibition of bubble coalescence by electrolytes. The Gibbs–Marangoni effect did not provide a satisfactory explanation for the inhibition of coalescence for all electrolytes and from the present study we suggest that dissolved gas (microbubble) gradients between macroscopic bubbles plays an important role in the coalescence process.
523 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the basic ideas of Brueckner's selfconsistent nuclear model are applied in a simplified, approximate form to the case of a finite nucleus, and it is shown that it is possible to reconcile the observed values of surface energy and surface thickness, to explain the greater extension of the nuclear potential compared with the charge distribution.
Abstract: The basic ideas of Brueckner's self-consistent nuclear model are applied in a simplified, approximate form to the case of a finite nucleus. It is shown that it is possible to reconcile the observed values of surface energy and surface thickness, to explain the greater extension of the nuclear potential compared with the charge distribution, and also to fit the well-depth of the optical model for nucleon scattering.
519 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the apparent viscosity of foam flowing through smooth capillaries was measured experimentally and a mathematical model was developed to determine whether the foam exists as bulk foam or as a chain of bubbles where each pair of bubbles is separated by individual lamella, the number of lamellae per unit length of the capillary, and the radius of curvature of the gas-liquid interface.
Abstract: The apparent viscosity of foam flowing through smooth capillaries was measured experimentally and a mathematical model was developed. Foam texture (a measure of bubble volume) is a key parameter in determining the following properties of foam flowing through a capillary: whether the foam exists as bulk foam or as a chain of bubbles where each pair of bubbles is separated by an individual lamella, the number of lamellae per unit length of the capillary, and the radius of curvature of the gas-liquid interface. The apparent viscosity is the sum of three contributions: that from slugs of liquid between bubbles, the resistance to deformation of the interface of a bubble passing through a capillary, and the surface tension gradient that results when surface active material is swept from the front of a bubble and accumulates at the back of it. The sensitivity of both measured and calculated apparent viscosity is presented as a function of bubble size, capillary radius, ratio of bubble radius to capillary radius, velocity, quality, and surface tension gradient.
512 citations