Topic
Surface tension
About: Surface tension is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25410 publications have been published within this topic receiving 695471 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the surface tension and subsumption properties of difunctional organic acids in various concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4 aqueous solutions.
Abstract: Solubilities and surface tensions were measured for difunctional organic acids in various concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4 aqueous solutions. Model results using these data indicate that the organic compounds affect cloud droplet growth by two mechanisms: by gradual dissolution in the growing droplet which affects the shape of the Kohler growth curve, and by lowering of surface tension which decreases the critical supersaturation.
451 citations
TL;DR: This work considers the influence of thermal fluctuations on systems with negligible surface tension ("membranes"), whose behavior is determined by curvature effects, and how these effects change the effective rigidity and other relevant parameters.
Abstract: We consider the influence of thermal fluctuations on systems with negligible surface tension ("membranes"), whose behavior is determined by curvature effects. Fluctuations change the effective rigidity and other relevant parameters. Two-dimensional membranes appear rigid at short distances and crumpled at long distances. For more than two-dimensional membranes (or in presence of long-range forces) a crumpling transition separates a rigid low-temperature phase from a crumpled high-temperature one.
450 citations
TL;DR: From the experimental results, the free energies of transfer of the amino acid residues from the solution to the surface have been calculated to yield a hydrophobicity scale of the residues, in fairly good agreement with that of Nozaki and Tanford.
449 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a computer-simulation study of homogeneous gas-liquid nucleation in a Lennard-Jones system was performed using umbrella sampling, and the free energy of a cluster was computed as a function of its size.
Abstract: We report a computer-simulation study of homogeneous gas–liquid nucleation in a Lennard-Jones system. Using umbrella sampling, we compute the free energy of a cluster as a function of its size. A thermodynamic integration scheme is employed to determine the height of the nucleation barrier as a function of supersaturation. Our simulations illustrate that the mechanical and the thermodynamical surfaces of tension and surface tension differ significantly. In particular, we show that the mechanical definition of the surface tension cannot be used to compute this barrier height. We find that the relations recently proposed by McGraw and Laaksonen [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 5284 (1997)] for the height of the barrier and for the size of the critical nucleus are obeyed.
447 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fracture strength of a cavity-nucleated fracture was derived from the theory of nucleation, and the negative pressure that gives one bubble (i.e., fracture) in t seconds was determined.
Abstract: A liquid subjected to negative pressure is metastable; vapor bubbles form spontaneously and grow until the pressure of the system rises to the equilibrium vapor pressure. The rate of bubble formation is calculated from the theory of nucleation, and the negative pressure pt that gives one bubble (i.e., fracture) in t seconds is determined. pt is very nearly independent of t, and is proportional to σ32 where σ is the surface tension. Subcooled liquids such as glass also are metastable under negative pressure; cracks form spontaneously and grow until the pressure rises to the equilibrium vapor pressure. Nucleation theory leads to an expression for the fracture stress of glass that is proportional to (E2σ3)¼ where E is the elastic modulus. The transition from high temperature cavity‐nucleated fracture to low temperature crack‐nucleated fracture is examined.Fracture strengths calculated from nucleation theory agree satisfactorily with the maximum experimental values, and are an order of magnitude smaller than ...
447 citations