Topic
Surface tension
About: Surface tension is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25410 publications have been published within this topic receiving 695471 citations.
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TL;DR: Two applications of the Phase Chip are presented: first, the phase diagram of a polymer/salt mixture is measured on-chip and validated off-chip, and second, protein crystallization rates are enhanced through the manipulation of the kinetics of nucleation and growth.
Abstract: A microfluidic device denoted the Phase Chip has been designed to measure and manipulate the phase diagram of multicomponent fluid mixtures. The Phase Chip exploits the permeation of water through poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) in order to controllably vary the concentration of solutes in aqueous nanoliter volume microdrops stored in wells. The permeation of water in the Phase Chip is modeled using the diffusion equation, and good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained. The Phase Chip operates by first creating drops of the water/solute mixture whose composition varies sequentially. Next, drops are transported down channels and guided into storage wells using surface tension forces. Finally, the solute concentration of each stored drop is simultaneously varied and measured. Two applications of the Phase Chip are presented. First, the phase diagram of a polymer/salt mixture is measured on-chip and validated off-chip, and second, protein crystallization rates are enhanced through the manipulation of the kinetics of nucleation and growth.
229 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, simple formulas (based on the latest experimental tabulated data) for 11 physical properties of liquid ordinary water substance at saturation state, including saturation pressure, density, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, specific volume of saturated vapor, specific enthalpy, specific heal, latent heal of vaporization, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, Prandtl number, and surface tension as a function of temperature are presented.
Abstract: In this communication, simple formulas (based on the latest experimental tabulated data) for 11 physical properties of liquid ordinary water substance at saturation state—saturation pressure, density, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, specific volume of saturated vapor, specific enthalpy, specific heal, latent heal of vaporization, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, Prandtl number, and surface tension as a function of temperature (from 0 to 150°C)—which are used in heat transfer calculations for heat exchangers in heating systems and also for many other technological applications, are presented. Also, the uncertainties of these formulas are given. In most practical cases the pressure of liquid water is within the range from 1 to 10 absolute bar, which makes it possible to neglect the effect of pressure. All properties of saturated liquid water calculated with the recommended formulas are tabulated with a temperature increment of 5°.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) technique is presented to enable rapid and cost-effective determination of minimum miscibility pressure and composition, which can be applied to optimize injection gas composition for an Alberta field project.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the pendant drop method was used for high-pressure measurement of the interfacial tension in a two-phase system of water and compressed carbon dioxide. But the experimental error of measurement is smaller than 2%.
Abstract: A novel apparatus, PeDro, for high-pressure measurement of the interfacial tension using the pendant drop method is presented. This apparatus was constructed for accurate measurements in the two-component system of water and compressed carbon dioxide. The main influences on accurate and reproducible results have been investigated, and the results have led to an optimized experimental setup and a quasi-static measuring method. PeDro was calibrated against well-established data for water + air. The experimental error of measurement is smaller than 2%. In this two-phase system measurements were conducted in the ranges (278 to 335) K and (0.1 to 20) MPa. The interfacial tension showed a pronounced dependence on pressure and temperature. A regression function has been found which describes the experimental data in the range investigated with high precision.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method is described for calculating free energies of adsorption (Δ G °) at the aqueous solution/air interface for surfaceactive solutes from readily available surface tension data, using a monomolecular layer at zero surface pressure as the standard state for the adsorbed solute.
228 citations