Surprise

About: Surprise is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4371 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99386 citations.

Sentiment Analysis in Student Experiences of Learning.

Abstract: In this paper we present an evaluation of new techniques for automatically detecting sentiment polarity (Positive or Negative) in the students responses to Unit of Study Evaluations (USE). The study compares categorical model and dimensional model making use of five emotion categories: Anger, Fear, Joy, Sadness, and Surprise. Joy and Surprise are taken as a Positive polarity, whereas Anger, Fear and Sadness belong to Negative polarity in the binary classes, respectively. We evaluate the performances of category-based and dimension-based emotion prediction models on the 2,940 textual responses. In the former model, WordNet-Affect is used as a linguistic lexical resource and two dimensionality reduction techniques are evaluated: Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). In the latter model, ANEW (Affective Norm for English Words), a normative database with affective terms, is employed. Despite using generic emotion categories and no syntactical analysis, NMF-based categorical model and dimensional model result in better performances above the baseline.

“Popping the Question” When the Answer is Known: The Engagement Proposal as Performance

Abstract: This paper analyzes the engagement proposal as a pre-wedding ritual that couples use to indicate to others that they are going to be getting married. The proposal is treated as a formality by the couples, but it is an important marker for their relationship. Based on interviews with engaged heterosexual Midwestern couples, we show how a couple works together to plan the engagement. The engagement proposal is a performance for two audiences, first for the woman and then for the couple's friends and family as they use the story to demonstrate they are an engaged couple ready to get married. Standard signals are used to convey these messages, and failing to use them may confuse the audience. Although the proposal is a “surprise,” the woman works backstage to ensure that it is carried out according to her specifications. Based on this investigation, we argue that in the absence of any ideological challenge to the “traditional” proposal, the proposal as performance has more significance than other iss...

Theoretical Perspectives on Affect and Deep Learning

Abstract: This chapter focuses on connections between affect and cognition that are prevalent during deep learning. Deep learning occurs when a person attempts to comprehend difficult material, to solve a difficult problem, and to make a difficult decision. We emphasize theoretical perspectives that highlight the importance of cognitive disequilibrium to deep learning and problem solving. Cognitive disequilibrium occurs when there are obstacles to goals, interruptions of organized action sequences, impasses, system breakdowns, contradictions, anomalous events, dissonance, incongruities, negative feedback, uncertainty, and deviations from norms, and novelty. Cognitive disequilibrium launches a trajectory of cognitive and affective processes such as confusion and frustration until equilibrium is restored or disequilibrium is dampened via effortful problem solving and impasse resolution. We discuss the role of cognitive and task constraints in dictating the time-course of cognitive disequilibrium and affiliated affective states such as surprise, delight, confusion, and frustration. We conclude by discussing how these states and processes are mediated by self-concepts, goals, meta-knowledge, social interaction, and the learning environment.

Modeling Expectation for Evaluating Surprise in Design Creativity

Abstract: This paper describes methods for characterizing expectation as it applies to calculating surprise for evaluating the creativity of designs. Building on a model of creative designs as being novel, surprising and valuable we develop a typology of the kinds of expectations that, when violated, produce surprise. Contrasting computational models of two of kinds of expectation are presented in the domain of mobile devices and their respective advantages for creativity evaluation are described.