Surprise

About: Surprise is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4371 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99386 citations.

An Integrated Real-Time Deep Learning and Belief Rule Base Intelligent System to Assess Facial Expression Under Uncertainty

Abstract: Nowadays, the recognition of facial expression draws significant attention in various domains. In view of this, a realtime facial expression recognition system has been developed using a Deep Learning approach, which can classify ten emotions, including angry, disgust, fear, happy, mockery, neutral, sad, surprise, think, and wink. In addition, an integrated expert system has also been developed by integrating Deep Learning with a Belief Rule Base to support the assessment of the overall mental state of a person over a period of time from video streaming data under uncertainty. In this research, data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches are integrated together to assess the mental state of an individual. Such a system could enable the identification of a suspect before committing any crime beforehand by the law enforcement agency. The performance of this integrated system is found reliable than existing methods of facial expression assessment. Contribution- The paper presents a noble method of computing the overall mental condition of a person by integrating CNN and BRBES under uncertainty. Contribution- The paper presents a noble method of computing the overall mental condition of a person by integrating CNN and BRBES under uncertainty.

Startle and Surprise on the Flight Deck: Similarities, Differences, and Prevalence

Abstract: Startle and surprise are often cited as potentially contributing factors to aircraft incidents due to their possible negative effects on flightcrew performance. In this paper, we provide definitions of startle and surprise with the goal of delineating their differences. In the past, these terms have often been used interchangeably; however, there are distinctive conceptual, behavioral, and physiological differences between the startle reflex and the surprise emotion. Furthermore, we investigated the prevale nce of startle and surprise on the flight deck by examining voluntary incident reports in the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) and found surprise to be more prevalent than startle. Implications of these findings and limitations of our initial exploratory analysis are discussed.

Affect and the archive, archives and their affects: an introduction to the special issue

Abstract: Affect and the Archive, Archives and their Affects: An Introduction to the Special Issue In recent decades, affect (both as a verb and as a noun) has become a major focus of fields as diverse as psychology and psychoanalysis, neuroscience and critical theory. There is no singular cross-cutting definition of affect. It may, for example, be approached clinically, phenomenologically, or critically. One goal of this special issue, therefore, has been to draw together and elucidate some of these different disciplinary understandings and point to their potential for research and practice in the archival field. Arguing that emotions are innate at all evolutionary levels and in all animals, including humans, psychologist Robert Plutchik's influential classification approach identified eight primary emotions: anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust and joy. He represented these emotions, their intensity, the relationships between them, and the ways in which they can co-occur to form derivative emotions on his ‘Wheel of Emotions’ (1980; 2001). His approach has generated a rich continuing research engagement around the affective and the human psyche. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s work on Silvan Tompkins’ psychobiology of differential affects drew from critical and cultural theory as well as from the sciences. Her research is often identified as seminal in precipitating interest in affect on the part of cultural theorists. These scientific and cultural theory approaches do come together in works such as Sedgwick’s; however, the genealogy of the study of affect in the humanities and social sciences is distinct from that in the more clinical and scientific fields. Since the 1990s, in what has been dubbed ‘the affective turn,’ cultural theorists of affect have presented alternatives to the psychoanalytic approach to affect. They assert that affects, emotions and feelings are legitimate and powerful objects of critical scholarly inquiry and exist in fraught relation to each other. By contrast, in other disciplinary and professional spaces the terms ‘affect,’ ‘emotion’ and ‘feeling’ may be used with much less discursive tension or definitional precision, and even interchangeably. Notwithstanding such differences and divergences, many of these fields are increasingly engaging not only with the record or the Archive as theoretical constructs, but also with actual records and archives. Another goal for this special issue, therefore, has been to begin to probe what the archival field might offer that would cross-inform understandings of and debates about the nature, role and effects of affect in such diverse fields as psychology, neuroscience and critical theory. The archival field historically has had a central preoccupation with the actual and the tangible. Many practitioners and theorists continue to evince a profound distrust of stances that seem less than objective and of aspects relating to records and archives that invoke affective responses. And yet, in recent years a growing number of authors in the archival literature have been focusing on some of the emotions represented on Plutchik’s Wheel (e.g., sadness, trust) and/or engaging with treatments of affect emanating out of such fields as cultural studies, gender studies, Indigenous studies, postcolonial studies, anthropology, psychology and trauma studies (e.g., Adami 2009; DiVeglia 2010; Caswell in press; Caswell and Cifor in press; Caswell, Cifor and Ramirez in press; Cifor in press; Caswell and Gilliland 2015; Carbone 2015; Faulkhead 2008; Gilliland 2014 and 2015; Halilovich 2013 and 2014; Harris 2014;

Managing Outside Pressure: Strategies for Preventing Corporate Disasters

Abstract: Caught by Surprise. Activist Groups and the Stakeholder Concept. Corporate Early Awareness Models. Company Issue Checklist. Activist Issue Checklist. The Checklists Applied: Early Awareness Systems. Case Studies. Conclusions. References. Index.

Surprise! Bayesian Weighting for De-Biasing Thematic Maps

Abstract: Thematic maps are commonly used for visualizing the density of events in spatial data. However, these maps can mislead by giving visual prominence to known base rates (such as population densities) or to artifacts of sample size and normalization (such as outliers arising from smaller, and thus more variable, samples). In this work, we adapt Bayesian surprise to generate maps that counter these biases. Bayesian surprise, which has shown promise for modeling human visual attention, weights information with respect to how it updates beliefs over a space of models. We introduce Surprise Maps, a visualization technique that weights event data relative to a set of spatia-temporal models. Unexpected events (those that induce large changes in belief over the model space) are visualized more prominently than those that follow expected patterns. Using both synthetic and real-world datasets, we demonstrate how Surprise Maps overcome some limitations of traditional event maps.