Topic
Surprise
About: Surprise is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4371 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99386 citations.
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21 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a dungeon role-playing game intended to induce emotions such as boredom, surprise, joy, anger and disappointment is introduced, from the preliminary study, facial expressions indicating boredom and anger were observed.
Abstract: A dungeon role playing game intended to induce emotions such as boredom, surprise, joy, anger and disappointment is introduced. From the preliminary study, facial expressions indicating boredom and anger were observed. Individual differences were found on appraisal and facial expression of surprise, joy and disappointment.
23 citations
TL;DR: This month’s Special Edition of Medical Teacher is dedicated to the topic of Social Accountability – not altogether a new concept in medical education but one that is gaining importance because of its inherent and potential ability to ‘develop the goods’, and produce professionals equipped to deliver appropriate, quality healthcare in the twenty-first century.
Abstract: Not long ago, whilst sitting listening to a speaker talking about yet another new and innovative medical curriculum being developed, I was somewhat taken by surprise when a senior medical education...
23 citations
TL;DR: These portrayals of Sophokles and Euripides offer an almost unique opportunity to examine the introduction, not only in drama but perhaps in the whole of Greek literature, of the emotions as contributing factors in madness.
Abstract: Madness and emotion could be said to share, to a certain extent, their definition as kinds of human response to influences from their environment. The connection between madness and emotion is stressed in modern psychological observations establishing strong links between the causation of madness and human emotionality. Despite the fact that similar insights were absent from Greek medical theorists, or indeed from other contemporary writers, this would come as no surprise to either Sophokles or Euripides. Both tragedians handled their material in such a way as to demonstrate how the strong pressures of familial or social influences can lead to mental disturbance. While it is most probably Sophokles who, for the first time, turns to the influence of internal forces in the process of madness, the lack of subject matter in his surviving plays allows us little scope for further comparison. On the other hand, Euripides seems to have dedicated more of his portrayals to madness. These portrayals offer an almost unique opportunity to examine the introduction, not only in drama but perhaps in the whole of Greek literature, of the emotions as contributing factors in madness.
23 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The possibility of achieving decisive results from attacks launched on short, or zero, warning has appeared to improve greatly with advances in technology as discussed by the authors, and it follows that surprise has been recognized as offering what seem to be both golden opportunities and lethal dangers.
Abstract: : Though discounted by Clausewitz in the circumstances of his era, strategic surprise has enjoyed considerable popularity over the past century. The possibility of achieving decisive results from attacks launched on short, or zero, warning has appeared to improve greatly with advances in technology. It follows that surprise has been recognized as offering what seem to be both golden opportunities and lethal dangers. Since surprise is an ironbound necessity for the tactical success of terrorism, it is understandable that it attracts a major degree of attention today. There is no real novelty about this. After all, for 40 years the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies perpetually worried about surprise attack on the Central Front in Europe, as well as about a surprise first strike designed to disarm the United States of its ability to retaliate with its strategic nuclear forces.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the concepts of uncertainty and surprise are analyzed as key variables of a socio-ecological system's behavior in the context of the theory of complexity, and a new perspective on system trajectories and their understanding of surprises and uncertainty is proposed.
Abstract: The paper analyzes the concepts of uncertainty and surprise as key variables of a socio-ecological system's behavior in the context of the theory of complexity. Experiences from the past have shown that living with uncertainty is part of our daily life and surprises are only surprising because our perspective of system trajectories is basically linear and non-dynamic. The future of humanity is dependent on the understanding of the system's behavior and needs a change in perspective of linearity to non-linearity and from the planning imperative to a management hedging uncertainty and surprise. In the context of humanity's future, the theory of complexity offers a new perspective on system trajectories and their understanding of surprises and uncertainty. There is a need for a Gestaltwechsel—a change in perception—which helps to see things differently and fosters the search for new answers to emerging questions at the human-nature interface. Drawing on the case study of hazard management the paper will explain the necessity of analysis system's behavior and the taking into account of multi-agent behavior on the micro level which led to emergent behavior on the macro-level of the system. Regional geohazards are explained as the regional impact of an uncontrolled risk based on a state of a natural feature that has a direct impact on a regional population being affected by the appearance of a hazard and its development into damage. By acting in space, time and connectivity, people construct hazardscapes and change risk into regional geohazards. This concept shows relevance for future mitigation and adaptation measures. The theory of complexity can help in engendering the necessary shift in perspective. What is non-linear dynamic thinking as suggested by the theory of complexity? Why is the consideration of the system's behavior crucial and not just the number of system's elements? What is the role of agents in these systems? In addition, there are practical implications too: What does this shift in perspective mean for future hazard management and the future of humanity?
23 citations