Topic
Surprise
About: Surprise is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4371 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99386 citations.
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70 citations
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TL;DR: The authors argue that existing solutions to the problem of stability of emotional communication are problematic and suggest introducing a new class of mechanisms, mechanisms of emotional vigilance, that more adequately accounts for the stability of emotion communication.
Abstract: The study of pragmatics is typically concerned with ostensive communication (especially through language), in which we not only provide evidence for our intended speaker meaning, but also make manifest our intention to do so. This is not, however, the only way in which humans communicate. We also communicate in many non-ostensive ways, and these expressions often interplay with and complement ostensive communication. For example, fear, embarrassment, surprise and other emotions are often expressed with linguistic expressions, which they complement through changes in prosodic cues, facial and bodily muscular configuration, pupil dilatation and skin colouration, among others. However, some basic but important questions about non-ostensive communication, in particular those concerned with evolutionary stability, are unaddressed. Our objective is to address, albeit tentatively, this issue, focusing our discussion on one particular class of non-ostensive communication: emotional expressions. We argue that existing solutions to the problem of stability of emotional communication are problematic and we suggest introducing a new class of mechanisms -- mechanisms of emotional vigilance -- that, we think, more adequately accounts for the stability of emotional communication.
70 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of what qualitative researchers actually do in their day-to-day activities, including watching and listening to what happens around them, and asking questions about what they have seen and heard.
Abstract: Qualitative research — when you first heard the term, your initial thought might have been, ‘What do qualitative researchers actually do?’ It may come as a surprise to you that you are already familiar with many of their activities, and you actually do them yourself — every day — as you watch and listen to what happens around you, and ask questions about what you have seen and heard.
70 citations
TL;DR: Italy's record in medical science and practice is perceived to be below par, and one reason may be a lack of central coordination--forgivable in a country that had fifty governments in half a century.
69 citations
TL;DR: This article used concordance tools to identify strings that are very frequent in a corpus of blogs, relative to a general corpus of written texts, focus on those relatively frequent words that mark stance and analyse the...
Abstract: Blogs, which can be written and read by anyone with a computer and an internet connection, would seem to expand the possibilities for engagement in public sphere debates. Indeed, blogs are full of the kind of vocabulary that suggests intense discussion. However, a closer look at the way this vocabulary is used in context suggests that the main concern of writers is self-presentation, positioning themselves in a crowded forum, in what has been called stance-taking. When writers mark their stances, for instance by saying I think, they enact different ways of signalling a relation to others, marking disagreement, enacting surprise, and ironicising previous contributions. All these moves are ways of presenting one's own contribution as distinctive, showing one's entitlement to a position. In this paper, I use concordance tools to identify strings that are very frequent in a corpus of blogs, relative to a general corpus of written texts, focus on those relatively frequent words that mark stance and analyse the...
69 citations