Surprise

About: Surprise is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4371 publications have been published within this topic receiving 99386 citations.

Evolution of the Global Jihad: Female Suicide Bombers in Iraq

Abstract: Female suicide bombers are increasingly seen in conflicts throughout the world; in recent years, they have become much more prevalent in religious-fundamentalist conflict. Specifically, global jihadist groups are increasingly incorporating female suicide bombers into their operations, a significant ideological and operational shift for most of these groups. Jihadist groups are using women to fill a recruiting void, to achieve tactical surprise, and for strategic purposes. Female suicide bombers are likely to emerge in jihadist conflicts throughout the world, from Nigeria to Pakistan and beyond.

Status, Achievement, and Motivation in the American High School

Abstract: It is difficult to find an area within Western sociology that has been as thoroughly debated and examined as social stratification, and within the stratification sphere no single set of issues has commanded the attention of theoreticians, researchers, and social policy makers more than that which surrounds social mobility and its antecedents.' Although the conclusions that are drawn about rates of social mobility and their governing processes vary somewhat from country to country, two main features seem universal: First, the link between occupational prestige and socioeconomic status (or social class, depending on which side of the debate you fall) is both direct and strong. Second, the major precondition for acceptance into most of the occupations which rank at or near the top of the prestige hierarchy is an extensive amount of formal education. Since neither of these points comes as a surprise to the average layman, elaborate documentation of these kinds of facts is often viewed as a trivial exercise.2

The therapeutic corporation

Abstract: A growing number of contemporary organizations have management structures that are less centralized and hierarchical than the traditional bureaucratic model. This book takes a close look inside one such organization: an employee-owned manufacturing corporation. It addresses the question of how conflicts are handled when bureaucracy is greatly reduced-and its findings will surprise and enlighten many readers. Therapy, a behaviour or practice normally thought to be confined to the offices of psychiatrists and the wards of mental hospitals, turns out to be the most common way of handling conflict in the postbureaucratic work environment. James Tucker reveals that this therapeutic system of social control contrasts sharply, and tellingly, with the more authoritative-often violent-systems of social control found in more centralized and hierarchical work settings, especially those of the past.

Risk Aversion and Emotions

Abstract: We consider the relationship between emotions and decision-making under risk. Specifically, we examine the emotional correlates of risk-averse decisions. In our experiment, individuals' facial expressions are monitored with facereading software, as they are presented with risky lotteries. We then correlate these facial expressions with subsequent decisions in risky choice tasks. We find that the valence of one’s emotional state is negatively correlated, and the strength of a number of emotions: fear, happiness, anger, and surprise, is positively correlated, with risk-averse decisions.