Topic
Symmetry (physics)
About: Symmetry (physics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26435 publications have been published within this topic receiving 500189 citations. The topic is also known as: symmetry (physics) & physical symmetry.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the asymptotic symmetry algebra of (2+1)-dimensional higher spin, anti-de Sitter gravity, and showed that it is a nonlinearly realized W ∞ algebra with classical central charges.
Abstract: We investigate the asymptotic symmetry algebra of (2+1)-dimensional higher spin, anti-de Sitter gravity. We use the formulation of the theory as a Chern-Simons gauge theory based on the higher spin algebra hs(1, 1). Expanding the gauge connection around asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime, we specify consistent boundary conditions on the higher spin gauge fields. We then study residual gauge transformation, the corresponding surface terms and their Poisson bracket algebra. We find that the asymptotic symmetry algebra is a nonlinearly realized W ∞ algebra with classical central charges. We discuss implications of our results to quantum gravity and to various situations in string theory.
542 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the Weinberg model is applied to a large system of thermodynamically equilibrium weakly interacting particles and it is shown that at a temperature higher than about 10 3 GeV the symmetry broken at lower temperature is re-established, the masses of the intermediate bosons vanish and weak interaction becomes a long-range one.
542 citations
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Michigan State University1, University of Tennessee2, Los Alamos National Laboratory3, Ohio State University4, Indiana University5, Daresbury Laboratory6, Kyoto University7, University of Massachusetts Amherst8, University of Idaho9, University of Washington10, University of Coimbra11, Texas A&M University12
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the results of laboratory experiments that have provided initial constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy and on its density dependence at and somewhat below normal nuclear matter density.
Abstract: The symmetry energy contribution to the nuclear equation of state impacts various phenomena in nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, and nuclear reactions. Its determination is a key objective of contemporary nuclear physics, with consequences for the understanding of dense matter within neutron stars. We examine the results of laboratory experiments that have provided initial constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy and on its density dependence at and somewhat below normal nuclear matter density. Even though some of these constraints have been derived from properties of nuclei while others have been derived from the nuclear response to electroweak and hadronic probes, within experimental uncertainties-they are consistent with each other. We also examine the most frequently used theoretical models that predict the symmetry energy and its slope parameter. By comparing existing constraints on the symmetry pressure to theories, we demonstrate how contributions of three-body forces, which are essential ingredients in neutron matter models, can be determined.
535 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the hydrodynamic pressures developed when a fluid container is subjected to horizontal accelerations is presented, and simplified formulas are given for containers having twofold symmetry, for dams with sloping faces and for flexible retaining walls.
Abstract: An analysis is presented of the hydrodynamic pressures developed when a fluid container is subjected to horizontal accelerations. Simplified formulas are given for containers having twofold symmetry, for dams with sloping faces, and for flexible retaining walls. The analysis includes both impulsive and convective fluid pressures.
535 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived similarity solutions which describe the collapse of cold, collisionless matter in a perturbed Einstein-de Sitter universe, and they obtained three classes of solutions, one each with planar, cylindrical, and spherical symmetry.
Abstract: We derive similarity solutions which describe the collapse of cold, collisionless matter in a perturbed Einstein-de Sitter universe. We obtain three classes of solutions, one each with planar, cylindrical, and spherical symmetry. Our solutions can be computed to arbitrary accuracy, and they follow the development of structure in both the linear and nonlinear regimes.
528 citations