Topic
Synchrotron radiation
About: Synchrotron radiation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14639 publications have been published within this topic receiving 244775 citations. The topic is also known as: magnetobremsstrahlung radiation & Synchrotron Radiation.
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TL;DR: In this article, a double crystal x-ray monochromator system was developed for use on synchrotron radiation sources, which consists of two separate Bragg reflecting crystals constrained by a mechanical linkage system.
Abstract: A double crystal x‐ray monochromator system has been developed for use on synchrotron radiation sources. The system consists of two separate Bragg reflecting crystals constrained by a mechanical linkage system enabling it to tune continuously in x‐ray energy, always maintaining an exit beam of constant offset and direction relative to the incident beam. Accurate parallelism between the two crystals is maintained by a piezoelectrically‐controlled analog feedback circuit.
119 citations
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TL;DR: The beamline design and its performance allow for a highly productive and precise use of the ARPES technique at an energy resolution of 10-15 meV for fast k-space mapping studies with a photon flux up to 2 ⋅ 1013 ph/s and well below 3 mev for high resolution spectra.
Abstract: A synchrotron radiation beamline in the photon energy range of 18-240 eV and an electron spectroscopy end station have been constructed at the 3 GeV Diamond Light Source storage ring. The instrument features a variable polarisation undulator, a high resolution monochromator, a re-focussing system to form a beam spot of 50 × 50 μm2, and an end station for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) including a 6-degrees-of-freedom cryogenic sample manipulator. The beamline design and its performance allow for a highly productive and precise use of the ARPES technique at an energy resolution of 10-15 meV for fast k-space mapping studies with a photon flux up to 2 ⋅ 1013 ph/s and well below 3 meV for high resolution spectra.
118 citations
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TL;DR: This work demonstrates a fundamentally new approach to precision beta spectroscopy for future neutrino mass experiments by demonstrating single-electron detection in a novel radio-frequency spectrometer and the relativistic shift in the cyclotron frequency permits a precise electron energy measurement.
Abstract: Since 1897, we've understood that accelerating charges must emit electromagnetic radiation. Cyclotron radiation, the particular form of radiation emitted by an electron orbiting in a magnetic field, was first derived in 1904. Despite the simplicity of this concept, and the enormous utility of electron spectroscopy in nuclear and particle physics, single-electron cyclotron radiation has never been observed directly. We demonstrate single-electron detection in a novel radiofrequency spec- trometer. Here, we observe the cyclotron radiation emitted by individual magnetically-trapped electrons that are produced with mildly-relativistic energies by a gaseous radioactive source. The relativistic shift in the cyclotron frequency permits a precise electron energy measurement. Precise beta electron spectroscopy from gaseous radiation sources is a key technique in modern efforts to measure the neutrino mass via the tritium decay endpoint, and this work demonstrates a fundamentally new approach to precision beta spectroscopy for future neutrino mass experiments.
118 citations
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University of Maryland, College Park1, Goddard Space Flight Center2, Moscow State University3, University of Bath4, Arizona State University5, National Autonomous University of Mexico6, Liverpool John Moores University7, INAF8, Space Telescope Science Institute9, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation10, Irkutsk State University11, The Racah Institute of Physics12, University of California, Santa Cruz13, Spanish National Research Council14, Pedagogical University15
TL;DR: The authors' measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field at an early stage of the jet, closer to its central black hole, and show that the prompt phase is produced via fast-cooling synchrotron radiation in a large-scale magnetic field that is advected from the black hole and distorted by dissipation processes within the jet.
Abstract: Newly formed black holes of stellar mass launch collimated outflows (jets) of ionized matter that approach the speed of light. These outflows power prompt, brief and intense flashes of γ-rays known as γ-ray bursts (GRBs), followed by longer-lived afterglow radiation that is detected across the electromagnetic spectrum. Measuring the polarization of the observed GRB radiation provides a direct probe of the magnetic fields in the collimated jets. Rapid-response polarimetric observations of newly discovered bursts have probed the initial afterglow phase, and show that, minutes after the prompt emission has ended, the degree of linear polarization can be as high as 30 per cent-consistent with the idea that a stable, globally ordered magnetic field permeates the jet at large distances from the central source. By contrast, optical and γ-ray observations during the prompt phase have led to discordant and often controversial results, and no definitive conclusions have been reached regarding the origin of the prompt radiation or the configuration of the magnetic field. Here we report the detection of substantial (8.3 ± 0.8 per cent from our most conservative simulation), variable linear polarization of a prompt optical flash that accompanied the extremely energetic and long-lived prompt γ-ray emission from GRB 160625B. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field at an early stage of the jet, closer to its central black hole, and show that the prompt phase is produced via fast-cooling synchrotron radiation in a large-scale magnetic field that is advected from the black hole and distorted by dissipation processes within the jet.
118 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the dominant X-ray radiation mechanism changes from thermal to synchrotron emission along the northeastern shell of the supernova remnant RCW 86 using Chandra and XMM-Newton.
Abstract: We report X-ray imaging spectroscopy observations of the northeastern shell of the supernova remnant RCW 86 using Chandra and XMM-Newton. Along this part of the shell, the dominant X-ray radiation mechanism changes from thermal to synchrotron emission. We argue that both the presence of X-ray synchrotron radiation and the width of the synchrotron-emitting region suggest a locally higher shock velocity of Vs ≈ 2700 km s-1 and a magnetic field of B ≈ 24 ± 5 μG. Moreover, we also show that a simple power-law cosmic-ray electron spectrum with an exponential cutoff cannot explain the broadband synchrotron emission. Instead, a concave electron spectrum is needed, as predicted by nonlinear shock acceleration models. Finally, we show that the derived shock velocity strengthens the case that RCW 86 is the remnant of SN 185.
118 citations