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Showing papers on "System integration published in 1988"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The TAME system is an instantiation of the TAME software engineering process model as an ISEE (integrated software engineering environment) and the first in a series of Tame system prototypes has been developed.
Abstract: Experience from a dozen years of analyzing software engineering processes and products is summarized as a set of software engineering and measurement principles that argue for software engineering process models that integrate sound planning and analysis into the construction process. In the TAME (Tailoring A Measurement Environment) project at the University of Maryland, such an improvement-oriented software engineering process model was developed that uses the goal/question/metric paradigm to integrate the constructive and analytic aspects of software development. The model provides a mechanism for formalizing the characterization and planning tasks, controlling and improving projects based on quantitative analysis, learning in a deeper and more systematic way about the software process and product, and feeding the appropriate experience back into the current and future projects. The TAME system is an instantiation of the TAME software engineering process model as an ISEE (integrated software engineering environment). The first in a series of TAME system prototypes has been developed. An assessment of experience with this first limited prototype is presented including a reassessment of its initial architecture. >

1,351 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The delayed control system is represented by a finitedimensional, time-varying, discrete-time model which is less complex than the ex­ isting continuous-time models for time- varying delays; this approach allows for simpler schemes for analysis and simulation of ICCS.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an ICCS analysis focusing on discrete-time control systems subject to time-varying delays. The present analytical technique is applicable to integrated dynamic systems such as those encountered in advanced aircraft, spacecraft, and the real-time control of robots and machine tools via a high-speed network within an autonomous manufacturing environment. The significance of data latency and missynchronization between individual system components in ICCS networks is discussed in view of the time-varying delays.

565 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a new control architecture and a set of undelying design principles for developing and implementing fault-tolerant manufacturing systems consisting of Processing machines, robots, control computers and human operators.

132 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: A description is given of Clouds, an operating system designed to run on a set of general-purpose computers that are connected via a medium-to-high-speed local area network that does away with the need for file systems and replaces it with a more powerful concept, namely, the object system.
Abstract: A description is given of Clouds, an operating system designed to run on a set of general-purpose computers that are connected via a medium-to-high-speed local area network. The structure of Clouds promotes transparency, support for advanced programming paradigms, and integration of resource management, as well as a fair degree of autonomy at each site. The system structuring paradigm chosen for Clouds is an object/thread model. All instances of services, programs, and data in Clouds are encapsulated in objects. The concept of persistent objects does away with the need for file systems, replacing it with a more powerful concept, namely, the object system. The facilities in Clouds include integration of resources by location transparency; support for various types of atomic operations, including conventional transactions; advanced support for achieving fault tolerance; and provisions for dynamic reconfiguration. >

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: General requisites towards the design and implementation of IPM programs are outlined and mostly entomological examples in the grain legumes are used to demonstrate achievements of IPM at level a, and the difficulties involved in advancing towards integration of multiple pest stresses and systems integration.
Abstract: Integration in pest management may be conceived at three distinct levels: (a) integration of tactics, (b) integration of the effects of multiple pest stresses, and (c) systems integration. The ecological basis of each is found in population, community or ecosystems processes, respectively. Most current IPM programs are attempts to integrate control tactics into management strategies and therefore only require knowledge of species and population ecology. Further advancement of IPM will require higher levels of integration but the experimental basis of and information on community and ecosystems processes are insufficient to permit reaching these levels. Mostly entomological examples in the grain legumes are used to demonstrate achievements of IPM at level a (tactical integration), and the difficulties involved in advancing towards integration of multiple pest stresses and systems integration (levels b and c). General requisites towards the design and implementation of IPM programs are outlined.

86 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: A head-mounted, wide-angle, stereoscopic display system controlled by operator position, voice and gesture that provides a multisensory, interactive display environment in which a user can virtually explore a 360—degree synthesized or remotely sensed environment and can viscerally interact with its components.
Abstract: A head-mounted, wide-angle, stereoscopic display system controlled by operator position, voice and gesture has been developed at NASA's Ames Research Center for use as a multipurpose interface environment. This Virtual Interface Environment Workstation (VIEW) system provides a multisensory, interactive display environment in which a user can virtually explore a 360-degree synthesized or remotely sensed environment and can viscerally interact with its components. Primary applications of the system are in telerobotics, management of large-scale integrated information systems, and human factors research. System configuration, research scenarios, and research directions are described.

58 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1988
TL;DR: The result of this implementation is an SQL system which matches the performance of the pre- existing DBMS, while inheriting such pre-existing architecturally-derived features as high availability, transaction-based data integrity, and distribution of both data and execution.
Abstract: NonStop SQL [TM] achieves high performance through an implementation which integrates SQL record access with the pre-existing disk I/O and transaction management subsystems, and moves SQL function downward from the client to the server level of these subsystems. System integration and movement of function to the server reduce message traffic and CPU consumption by putting SQL optimizations at the lower levels of the system. Examples of such optimizations are message traffic savings by filtering data and applying updates at the data source, I/O savings by SQL-optimized buffer pool management, and locking and transaction journaling techniques which take advantage of SQL semantics. Achieving message traffic reduction is particularly important in a distributed, non shared-memory architecture such as the Tandem NonStop System. The result of this implementation is an SQL system which matches the performance of the pre-existing DBMS, while inheriting such pre-existing architecturally-derived features as high availability, transaction-based data integrity, and distribution of both data and execution.

36 citations


01 Nov 1988
TL;DR: Engineers and scientists in the advanced fighter technology integration (AFTI) F-16 program investigated the integration of emerging technologies into an advanced fighter aircraft and studied the generic problems confronting the designers of highly integrated flight-crucial digital control.
Abstract: Engineers and scientists in the advanced fighter technology integration (AFTI) F-16 program investigated the integration of emerging technologies into an advanced fighter aircraft. AFTI's three major technologies included: flight-crucial digital control, decoupled aircraft flight control, and integration of avionics, flight control, and pilot displays. In addition to investigating improvements in fighter performance, researchers studied the generic problems confronting the designers of highly integrated flight-crucial digital control. An overview is provided of both the advantages and problems of integration digital control systems. Also, an examination of the specification, design, qualification, and flight test life-cycle phase is provided. An overview is given of the fault-tolerant design, multimoded decoupled flight control laws, and integrated avionics design. The approach to qualifying the software and system designs is discussed, and the effects of design choices on system qualification are highlighted.

33 citations


01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: A prototype version of CASE has been applied to the domain of window regulator design, and is capable of automatically synthesizing regulators to meet a set of specifications and performing tolerance and stress analysis on developing designs.
Abstract: Pittsburgh, PA: Engineering Design Research Center, CMU, 1988. EDRC 05-22-88. This paper presents a new system for computer-aided mechanical design known as CASE, which stands for Computer- Aided Simultaneous Engineering. CASE was developed to support mechanical design at the project level, and serve as a means of integrating into the design process concerns from other parts of the lifecycle of a product. CASE is composed of an integrated framework of synthesis, analysis, and translation programs, and is designed to serve as a testbed for research in representation, problem-solving, and systems integration for computer-aided mechanical design. A prototype version of CASE has been applied to the domain of window regulator design, and is capable of automatically synthesizing regulators to meet a set of specifications and performing tolerance and stress analysis on developing designs

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper concludes by highlighting the need for an application administration system which will complement emerging integration tools for the rcconfigurable definition, debugging, control and synchronization of distributed processing functions.
Abstract: This paper outlines features of emerging systems integration tools which will be used, to improve the responsiveness of manufacturing systems through integrating the activities of a heterogeneous set of distributed manufacturing entities. A review of major research projects worldwide is presented which outlines the related roles of various communication standards (including MAP/TOP, MMS, IGES, PDES/ STEP and EDIF) and the evolution of distributed database methods which can facilitate the organization and management of information in complex CIM systems. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for an application administration system which will complement emerging integration tools for the rcconfigurable definition, debugging, control and synchronization of distributed processing functions.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 Jun 1988
TL;DR: Critical evaluation of the efficacy of this use of technology is essential for the evolution of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) in radiology.
Abstract: The management of the vast amounts of medical images and information generated by today's clinical services is a growing problem. The solution to the problem will increasingly require the use of advanced technologies data storage, image display, communication, and human engineering. The progress of individual technologies has been rapid; however, system integration and user acceptance of digital image management technology have been slow . Critical evaluation of the efficacy of this use of technology is essential for the evolution of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) in radiology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of Artificial Intelligence techniques to integrate CAD and CAPP systems are proposed and the design of a flexible interface relying on these techniques is presented.
Abstract: Systems integration in manufacturing is a topic of paramount importance today. Although a variety of computerized systems have been developed to improve productivity, the integration of these systems is needed. One area of particular concern involves the integration of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) systems. This paper proposes the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques to integrate CAD and CAPP systems. The design of a flexible interface relying on these techniques is presented. The proposed interface is generic, with the potential for application with a variety of CAD and CAPP systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dfms concept can be used for production problems for which a limited flexibility is required (‘limited’ flexibility as opposed to the virtually unlimited flexibility, which is aimed at by designers of traditional fms ).

Book
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: This approach provides a basis for a seamless integration of GOSS illld CASE tools to support both organization and information system modeling.
Abstract: Information systems have become an essential part of every business organization's production and management process. It is critical to an enterprise to integrate its organization and information systems. However, the lack of computer-supported tools for modeling organization and information systems has put their integration far beyond our reach. In this research, a metasystem approach that can integrate organization and information system modeling by means of group decision support systems (GOSS) and computer-aided software engineering (CASE) has been proposed. A prototype system, called MetaPlex, has been designed and implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The emphasis in design and implementation of MetaPlex has been on making the underlying knowledge representation expressive enough to meet modeling requirements and ensuring that the user interface is easy for managers illld users to use. The use of a GOSS makes it possible to capture strategic assumptions and business objectives, as well as structures of an organization, from managers through face-to-face group meetings. The application of the metasystem concepts in generating GOSS tools makes the customization of a GOSS environment possible. Because a GDSS environment driven by a metasystem can be used to acquire information about a target system from multiple experts in a structured format that can be integrated with CASE tools, this approach provides a basis for a seamless integration of GOSS illld CASE tools to support both organization and information system modeling.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jack Dangermond1
TL;DR: Among the trends identified and discussed are better data and system integration, organizational strategies that make GIS work, more and better databases, the beginning of modeling, and spatial analysis, and more sophisticated hardware.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problem of systems integration at its roots in organizational theory and formulates a practical framework for end-user planning are tackled.
Abstract: Despite the phenomenal growth of end-user computing, managers and planners have lit-tie to guide them when developing integrated systems for the future of their organizations. This article tackles the problem of systems integration at its roots in organizational theory and formulates a practical framework for end-user planning.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the integration methods for small N-body systems (N ≤ 25) is presented, and a new general purpose code for perturbed global regularization is presented in which an arbitrary number of compactt subsystems may be studied simultaneously.
Abstract: This review concentrates on integration methods for small N-body systems (N ≤ 25). First some relevant astronomical problems are defined. Then follows a discussion of standard integration methods for a variety of small N systems with chaotic or well behaved orbits. Suitable methods should be chosen for each application in order to reduce the error growth over long intervals or improve the treatment of encounters. Among the special methods described in some detail are energy stabilization, time smoothing, two-body regularization as well as multiple regularization. A new general purpose code for perturbed global regularization is presented in which an arbitrary number of compactt subsystems may be studied simultaneously.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1988

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 1988
TL;DR: In this article, an avionics simulation has been developed that interfaces directly to Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) mass storage systems, and specifically the Integrated Terrain Access and Retrieval System (ITARS) digital map.
Abstract: An avionics simulation has been developed that interfaces directly to Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) mass storage systems, and specifically the Integrated Terrain Access and Retrieval System (ITARS) digital map. The system, known as the Robust Demonstration System (RDS) effectively demonstrates how ITARS digital terrain data could be used by aircraft of the future involving terrain-following, terrain avoidance, and SITAN avionics algorithms. The authors describe the ITARS/RDS system architecture, integration results, and areas of possible improvement. >

01 Nov 1988
TL;DR: The Intelligent Multi-Media Interfaces project is devoted to the development of interface technology that integrates speech, natural language text, graphics, and pointing gestures for human-computer dialogues modelled after the manner in which humans converse in simultaneous coordinated multiple modalities.
Abstract: Sophisticated computer systems are being developed to assist in the human decision-making process for very complex tasks performed under stressful conditions. The human-computer interface is a critical factor in these systems. The human-computer interface should be simple and natural to use, require a minimal learning period, assist the user in accomplishing his task(s) with a minimum of distraction, present output in a form that best conveys information to the user, and reduce cognitive load for the user. In pursuit of this ideal, the Intelligent Multi-Media Interfaces project is devoted to the development of interface technology that integrates speech, natural language text, graphics, and pointing gestures for human-computer dialogues. The objective of the project is to develop interface technology that uses the media/modalities intelligently in a flexible, context-sensitive, and highly integrated manner modelled after the manner in which humans converse in simultaneous coordinated multiple modalities. As part of the project, a knowledge-based interface system, called CUBRICON (CUBRC Intelligent CONversationalist) is being developed as a research prototype. The application domain being used to drive the research is that of military tactical air control.

01 Aug 1988
TL;DR: The software engineering methods used to design and verify an expert system, RENEX, is discussed and the benefits and weaknesses of the methods for supporting the development life cycle of expert systems are evaluated.
Abstract: Software engineering design and verification methods for developing expert systems are not yet well defined. Integration of expert system technology into software production environments will require effective software engineering methodologies to support the entire life cycle of expert systems. The software engineering methods used to design and verify an expert system, RENEX, is discussed. RENEX demonstrates autonomous rendezvous and proximity operations, including replanning trajectory events and subsystem fault detection, onboard a space vehicle during flight. The RENEX designers utilized a number of software engineering methodologies to deal with the complex problems inherent in this system. An overview is presented of the methods utilized. Details of the verification process receive special emphasis. The benefits and weaknesses of the methods for supporting the development life cycle of expert systems are evaluated, and recommendations are made based on the overall experiences with the methods.

01 Nov 1988
TL;DR: Alpha is a new kind of operating system that is unique in two highly significant ways: first, it is decentralized transparently providing reliable resource management across physically dispersed nodes, so that distributed applications programming can be done largely as though it were centralized.
Abstract: Alpha is a new kind of operating system that is unique in two highly significant ways. First, it is decentralized transparently providing reliable resource management across physically dispersed nodes, so that distributed applications programming can be done largely as though it were centralized. And second, it provides comprehensive, high technology support for real-time system integration and operation, an application area which consists predominately of aperiodic activities having critical time constraints such as deadlines. Alpha is extremely adaptable so that it can be easily optimized for a wide range of problem-specific functionality, performance, and cost. Alpha is the first systems effort of the Archons Project, and the prototype was created at Carnegie-Mellon University directly on modified Sun multiprocessor workstation hardware. It has been demonstrated with a real-time C(sup 2) application. Continuing research is leading to a series of enhanced follow-ons to Alpha; these are portable but initially hosted on Concurrent's MASSCOMP line of multiprocessor products.

01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used bit-error-rate test sets to simulate the transmitting and receiving users of a satellite-switched time-division multiple access (SS-TDMA) communication network.
Abstract: Realistic simulation of satellite communication systems and evaluation of satellite networking schemes require emulation of the systems's users A laboratory model of a Ka-band satellite-switched time-division multiple-access (SS-TDMA) communication network, referred to as the System Integration, Test, and Evaluation (SITE) project, uses special bit-error-rate (BER) test sets to simulate the transmitting and receiving users of a communication network The bit-error-rate test sets contain circuit boards that can be modified to create a variety of interfaces to satellite system ground terminals

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 1988
TL;DR: The A/sup 3/I program is joint US Army-NASA exploratory program to develop a rational predictive methodology for helicopter cockpit system design that integrates human factors engineering with other vehicle system design disciplines at an early stage in the development process.
Abstract: The A/sup 3/I program is joint US Army-NASA exploratory program to develop a rational predictive methodology for helicopter cockpit system design, including mission requirements and training-system implications, that integrates human factors engineering with other vehicle system design disciplines at an early stage in the development process. The program will produce a prototype human factors/computer-aided engineering (HF/CAE) workstation suite for use by design professionals. This interactive environment will include computational and expert systems for the analysis and estimation of the impact of cockpit design and mission specification on system performance by considering the performance consequences from the human component of the system, especially as an integral part of the overall system operation, and from the very beginning of the design process. The central issues of pilot workload, performance, and training needs, and appropriate uses of automation are interrelated to effect all integrated design considerations in future man-machine systems. The goal is to aid designers in understanding these complex interactions and in optimally matching human capabilities with advanced cockpit systems. >

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 May 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the issues associated with the development, integration and on-orbit operation of an optical intersatellite link may not be widely known due to use of a new technology.
Abstract: Many of the systems issues associated with the development, integration and on-orbit operation of an optical intersatellite link may not be widely known due to use of a new technology. An evaluation of these systems issues has shown that they may be classified into six general categories. These include: (1) system engineering issues, (2) technology and development issues, (3) system and subsystem space qualification and reliability verifica-tion issues, (4) system integration and test issues, (5) satellite integration and test issues, and (6) system use architectural issues. These issues are discussed and the scope of the difficulties identified. It is concluded that the systems issues must be properly addressed so that optical system development may proceed to the advanced stages of development needed for space applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the work activity of a system development team may be described in terms of a group of coupled conversations, and a model is outlined which offers a graphic representation of team resources and a metaphor for interactive communication activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of expert system development to determine whether it differed enough from traditional systems to warrant a reevaluation of current software development methodologies determined that existing methodologies and approaches to developing expert systems are not comprehensive nor are they easily applied.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1988