Topic
System safety
About: System safety is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6025 publications have been published within this topic receiving 79681 citations.
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A technique called GSN (Goal Structuring Notation) is presented that is increasingly being used in safety-critical industries to improve the structure, rigor, and clarity of safety arguments.
Abstract: In Europe, over recent years, the responsibility for ensuring system safety has shifted onto the developers and operators to construct and present well reasoned arguments that their systems achieve acceptable levels of safety. These arguments (together with supporting evidence) are typically referred to as a “safety case”. This paper describes the role and purpose of a safety case. Safety arguments within safety cases are often poorly communicated. This paper presents a technique called GSN (Goal Structuring Notation) that is increasingly being used in safety-critical industries to improve the structure, rigor, and clarity of safety arguments. The paper also describes a number of extensions, based upon GSN, which can be used to assist the maintenance, construction, reuse and assessment of safety cases. The aim of this paper is to describe the current industrial use and research into GSN such that its applicability to other types of Assurance Case, in addition to safety cases, can also be considered.
516 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this contribution is to give an outline of the challenges each step of a multi-hazard (risk) analysis poses and to present current studies and approaches that face these difficulties.
Abstract: Many areas of the world are prone to several natural hazards, and effective risk reduction is only possible if all relevant threats are considered and analyzed. However, in contrast to single-hazard analyses, the examination of multiple hazards poses a range of additional challenges due to the differing characteristics of processes. This refers to the assessment of the hazard level, as well as to the vulnerability toward distinct processes, and to the arising risk level. As comparability of the single-hazard results is strongly needed, an equivalent approach has to be chosen that allows to estimate the overall hazard and consequent risk level as well as to rank threats. In addition, the visualization of a range of natural hazards or risks is a challenging task since the high quantity of information has to be depicted in a way that allows for easy and clear interpretation. The aim of this contribution is to give an outline of the challenges each step of a multi-hazard (risk) analysis poses and to present current studies and approaches that face these difficulties.
488 citations
TL;DR: The Westinghouse AP1000 Program is aimed at making available a nuclear power plant that is economical in the US deregulated electrical power industry in the near-term as discussed by the authors, and the AP1000 is a two-loop 1000 MWe pressurizer water reactor (PWR).
486 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a truly ecological theory of human error is developed to highlight the negative effects of an over-extensive linear extrapolation of protection measures, and it is argued that accepting the limitation of technical systems performance through the presence of a minimum breakdown and incident 'noise' could enhance safety by limiting the risks accepted.
435 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an investigation indicating the current levels of hazard identification on three U.K. construction projects and find that only 6.7% of the method statements analyzed on these projects managed to identify all of the hazards that should have been identified, based upon current knowledge.
Abstract: Hazard identification is fundamental to construction safety management; unidentified hazards present the most unmanageable risks. This paper presents an investigation indicating the current levels of hazard identification on three U.K. construction projects. A maximum of only 6.7% of the method statements analyzed on these projects managed to identify all of the hazards that should have been identified, based upon current knowledge. Maximum hazard identification levels were found to be 0.899 (89.9%) for a construction project within the nuclear industry, 0.728 (72.8%) for a project within the railway industry, and 0.665 (66.5%) for a project within both the railway and general construction industry sector. The results indicate that hazard identification levels are far from ideal. A discussion on the reasons for low hazard identification levels indicates key barriers. This leads to the presentation of an Information Technology (IT) tool for construction project safety management (Total-Safety) and, in part...
396 citations