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Showing papers on "Tacit knowledge published in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of HRM systems for knowledge-intensive teamwork on external team knowledge acquisition and internal team knowledge sharing was investigated using a sample of 162 R&D teams.

301 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a research agenda for IB scholarship on spatially dispersed yet connected innovation processes, which is premised on the current reality of global value chains in which mobile (MNEs, people) and immobile (locations) factors interact.
Abstract: The innovation-driven multinational enterprise (MNE) has dominated international business (IB) research for several decades now. Beginning with the award-winning research of Dunning, there have been calls for IB researchers to rediscover the importance of locations. Recent work has emphasized that firms and locations co-evolve with one another, as knowledge is transferred and leveraged across space. Integrating insights from IB and economic geography, we propose a research agenda for IB scholarship on spatially dispersed yet connected innovation processes. This agenda is premised on the current reality of global value chains in which mobile (MNEs, people) and immobile (locations) factors interact. The research perspective suggested recognizes that locations are host to increasingly “fine-sliced” activities, whose nature and composition are continuously changed by MNE-driven innovation processes. As today’s specialized activities become tomorrow’s standardized ones, the shifting distribution of global value creation depends on the pattern of international knowledge connectivity.

239 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conditions for flows of tacit and explicit knowledge in online communities are distinguished and an unconventional theoretical conjecture is advanced: Online communities give rise to tacit knowledge flows between participants.
Abstract: Online communities frequently create significant economic and relational value for community participants and beyond. It is widely accepted that the underlying source of such value is the collective flow of knowledge among community participants. We distinguish the conditions for flows of tacit and explicit knowledge in online communities and advance an unconventional theoretical conjecture: Online communities give rise to tacit knowledge flows between participants. The crucial condition for these flows is not the advent of novel, digital technology as often portrayed in the literature, but instead the technology’s domestication by humanity and the sociality it affords. This conjecture holds profound implications for theory and research in the study of management and organization, as well as their relation to information technology.

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how companies learn to engage in successful social innovation through the acquisition of tacit knowledge from external parties, and they show that much of the knowledge exchanged in CSI is tacit knowledge that companies develop from shared interactions and experiences.

153 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The differences in the level of knowledge sharing between co-workers in high versus low trust situations, for cognition- based trust and for affect-based trust as well as implicit and explicit knowledge are examined.
Abstract: Purpose This paper aims to explore the differences in the level of knowledge sharing between co-workers in high versus low trust situations, for cognition-based trust and for affect-based trust as well as implicit and explicit knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The differences were examined through data provided by 102 professionals working for a financial organization in The Netherlands. Findings The differences in the level of knowledge sharing in high versus low trust situations are significant. The effect is larger for affect-based trust and for implicit knowledge. Research limitations/implications The survey has been conducted within one organization only. Practical implications Organizations should realize the importance of trust between their co-workers, and in general, there is much to gain by increasing the levels of trust between co-workers, as this will also increase knowledge sharing between co-workers. Originality/value Previous studies have not examined the situation of low trust and its effect on the level of knowledge sharing within a homogeneous group of co-workers.

151 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
03 May 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors condense the key findings of qualitative studies on assembly work into three steps: the first focuses on the role of the non-routine in core assembly tasks; the second discusses the important and increasing role played by interactive capabilities in assembly work to ensure high performance, quality, and a smooth material flow; and the third highlights the usually neglected role of assembly workers in processes of innovation and organizational learning.
Abstract: This article condenses the key findings of qualitative studies on assembly work. Grounded conceptually in considerations of the role of experiential knowledge and living labor capacity with regard to informal expertise and tacit knowledge, the empirical results challenge the dominant view of assembly work as routine tasks that could easily be replaced by robotics. The empirical basis comprised of 62 qualitative interviews in five assembly plants provides answers to two questions: Are there non-routine aspects to be found in assembly work today? What exactly is the nature of experience in assembly work? The detailed research results are presented in three steps: the first focuses on the role of the non-routine in core assembly tasks; the second discusses the important and increasing role played by interactive capabilities in assembly work to ensure high performance, quality, and a smooth material flow; and the third highlights the usually neglected role of assembly workers in processes of innovation and organizational learning. The concluding chapter discusses the findings from the perspective of new technological options in robotics, possible worker resistance and effects on employment.

128 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized and found empirical support for the claim that front-loading affordance for tacit knowledge exchange reduces transfer difficulty when the causal ambiguity of the knowledge to be transferred is high, whereas it increases difficulties when the relationship between the source and recipient of knowledge is arduous.
Abstract: Knowledge transfer can be facilitated through the judicious timing of transfer methods. Yet, extant research has neglected the impact of the timing of transfer methods. Departing from this observation, we theorize the existence of two knowledge transfer modes—“front-loading” and “back-loading”—based on whether the affordance for tacit knowledge exchange provided by the transfer methods used is higher during the initiation or during the implementation phase of a transfer. We suggest that the impact of front-loading and back-loading on transfer difficulty is contingent on the causal ambiguity of the knowledge being transferred and on the arduousness of the relationship between the source and the recipient of knowledge. We operationalize front-loading and back-loading and test our propositions using primary data on 2,711 instances of method use in 116 transfers of 37 organizational practices in 8 companies. We hypothesize and find empirical support for the claim that front-loading affordance for tacit knowle...

122 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that joint interviews are a particularly appropriate method for studying complex shared practices such as making health decisions, and a cautious defense of the often-tacit assumption that the “naturalness" of joint interviews strengthens their credibility as the basis for analytic inferences.
Abstract: Joint interviewing has been frequently used in health research, and is the subject of a growing methodological literature. We review this literature, and build on it by drawing on a case study of how people make decisions about taking statins. This highlights two ways in which a dyadic approach to joint interviewing can add analytic value compared with individual interviewing. First, the analysis of interaction within joint interviews can help to explicate tacit knowledge and to illuminate the range of often hard-to-access resources that are drawn upon in making decisions. Second, joint interviews mitigate some of the weaknesses of interviewing as a method for studying practices; we offer a cautious defense of the often-tacit assumption that the "naturalness" of joint interviews strengthens their credibility as the basis for analytic inferences. We suggest that joint interviews are a particularly appropriate method for studying complex shared practices such as making health decisions.

95 citations


Posted Content
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: This article condenses the key findings of qualitative studies on assembly work and discusses the important and increasing role played by interactive capabilities in assembly work to ensure high performance, quality, and a smooth material flow.
Abstract: This article condenses the key findings of qualitative studies on assembly work. Grounded conceptually in considerations of the role of experiential knowledge and living labor capacity with regard to informal expertise and tacit knowledge, the empirical results challenge the dominant view of assembly work as routine tasks that could easily be replaced by robotics. The empirical basis comprised of 62 qualitative interviews in five assembly plants provides answers to two questions: Are there non-routine aspects to be found in assembly work today? What exactly is the nature of experience in assembly work? The detailed research results are presented in three steps: the first focuses on the role of the non-routine in core assembly tasks; the second discusses the important and increasing role played by interactive capabilities in assembly work to ensure high performance, quality, and a smooth material flow; and the third highlights the usually neglected role of assembly workers in processes of innovation and organizational learning. The concluding chapter discusses the findings from the perspective of new technological options in robotics, possible worker resistance and effects on employment.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A BIM-based Risk Identification Expert System (B-RIES) composed of three main built-in subsystems: BIM extraction, knowledge base management, and risk identification subsystems, is proposed to address deficiencies in traditional safety risk identification process in tunnel construction.
Abstract: This paper presents an innovative approach of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and expert systems to address deficiencies in traditional safety risk identification process in tunnel construction. A BIM-based Risk Identification Expert System (B-RIES) composed of three main built-in subsystems: BIM extraction, knowledge base management, and risk identification subsystems, is proposed. The engineering parameter information related to risk factors is first extracted from BIM of a specific project where the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard plays a bridge role between the BIM data and tunnel construction safety risks. An integrated knowledge base, consisting of fact base, rule base and case base, is then established to systematize the fragmented explicit and tacit knowledge. Finally, a hybrid inference approach, with case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning combined, is developed to improve the flexibility and comprehensiveness of the system reasoning capacity. B-RIES is u...

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of ambiguity in requirements elicitation interviews, when requirements are still tacit ideas to be surfaced, is analyzed and it is discovered that the occurrence of an ambiguity is often a resource for discovering tacit knowledge.
Abstract: Interviews are the most common and effective means to perform requirements elicitation and support knowledge transfer between a customer and a requirements analyst. Ambiguity in communication is often perceived as a major obstacle for knowledge transfer, which could lead to unclear and incomplete requirements documents. In this paper, we analyze the role of ambiguity in requirements elicitation interviews, when requirements are still tacit ideas to be surfaced. To study the phenomenon, we performed a set of 34 customer---analyst interviews. This experience was used as a baseline to define a framework to categorize ambiguity. The framework presents the notion of ambiguity as a class of four main sub-phenomena, namely unclarity, multiple understanding, incorrect disambiguation and correct disambiguation. We present examples of ambiguities from our interviews to illustrate the different categories, and we highlight the pragmatic components that determine the occurrence of ambiguity. Along the study, we discovered a peculiar relation between ambiguity and tacit knowledge in interviews. Tacit knowledge is the knowledge that a customer has but does not pass to the analyst for any reason. From our experience, we have discovered that, rather than an obstacle, the occurrence of an ambiguity is often a resource for discovering tacit knowledge. Again, examples are presented from our interviews to support this vision.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that while entrepreneurial orientation and environmental hostility are positively related to an SME's cultivation of tacit knowledge, market orientation (MO) is negatively related to SMEs' tacit knowledge.
Abstract: The ability to create tacit knowledge is important to the competitive advantage of firms in general but is critical to the survival and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Consequently, SME strategic orientations that facilitate tacit knowledge creation, especially in hostile environments, are important factors that can enhance SME competitiveness. This paper shows that while an entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and environmental hostility are positively related to an SME's cultivation of tacit knowledge, market orientation (MO) is negatively related to SME's tacit knowledge. Additionally, we find that in benign environments, the relationship between an SME's MO and tacit knowledge becomes more strongly negative than in hostile environments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study has opened up a new discussion of this area by demonstrating and conceptualising how social media tools may facilitate tacit knowledge sharing by proposing a conceptual model that explains the potential contribution of social media to tacit knowledgesharing.
Abstract: Purpose This paper aims to explore the potential contributions of social media in supporting tacit knowledge sharing, according to the physicians’ perspectives and experiences. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a qualitative survey design, 24 physicians were interviewed. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select the participants. Thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. Findings The study revealed five major themes and over 20 sub-themes as potential contributions of social media to tacit knowledge flow among physicians. The themes included socialising, practising, networking, storytelling and encountering. In addition, with the help of the literature and the supporting data, the study proposed a conceptual model that explains the potential contribution of social media to tacit knowledge sharing. Research limitations/implications The study had both theoretical (the difficulty of distinguishing tacit and explicit knowledge in practice) and practical limitations (small sample size). The study findings have implications for the healthcare industry whose clinical teams are not always physically co-located but must exchange their critical experiential and tacit knowledge. Originality/value The study has opened up a new discussion of this area by demonstrating and conceptualising how social media tools may facilitate tacit knowledge sharing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined how exemplars can be used to enhance student understanding of quality and to promote positive transfer of strategies and skills from exemplars to assessment task in a post-secondary institution in Hong Kong.
Abstract: Discussion of exemplars of student work is a productive means of explaining tacit knowledge and guiding students into the requirements of academic writing Through two cycles of action research in a postsecondary institution in Hong Kong, this study examines how exemplars can be used to enhance student understanding of quality and to promote positive transfer of strategies and skills from exemplars to assessment task Interventions included peer discussion, teacher-led interaction and student mini-presentations in relation to exemplars To gauge perceptions of these processes, we collected data via open-ended surveys and focus group interviews with students, commentaries from a critical friend and a teacher-researcher reflective journal Findings suggest that peer discussion and teacher guidance play a complementary role in engineering a supportive learning environment for positive transfer of insights Peer discussion is useful in allowing students to generate ideas and negotiate meanings Teacher guidance serves to explicate the characteristics of good quality work and to increase students’ critical awareness of the differences between exemplars and their own writing Teaching implications for dialogic use of exemplars are discussed, and some avenues for future exemplar-related research outlined

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the management of natural complexity in lab settings is accomplished through a mixture of technological standardization and tacit knowledge by lab workers, and it has been shown that such a mixture can be used to improve the performance of lab workers.
Abstract: Science studies scholars have shown that the management of natural complexity in lab settings is accomplished through a mixture of technological standardization and tacit knowledge by lab workers. ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the question of how planners' use and non-use of expert knowledge affect the content and goal achievement potential of plans, and discuss how changes in planners' and researchers' practices can contribute to improving goal achievable potential.

Posted Content
TL;DR: The authors argue that superior institutions for the creation and dissemination of productive knowledge help explain the European advantage in terms of technological creativity, population growth, and income per capita, and argue that medieval European institutions such as guilds and specific features such as journeymanship, can explain the rise of Europe relative to regions that relied on the transmission of knowledge within extended families or clans.
Abstract: In the centuries leading up to the Industrial Revolution, Western Europe gradually pulled ahead of other world regions in terms of technological creativity, population growth, and income per capita. We argue that superior institutions for the creation and dissemination of productive knowledge help explain the European advantage. We build a model of technological progress in a pre-industrial economy that emphasizes the person-to-person transmission of tacit knowledge. The young learn as apprentices from the old. Institutions such as the family, the clan, the guild, and the market organize who learns from whom. We argue that medieval European institutions such as guilds, and specific features such as journeymanship, can explain the rise of Europe relative to regions that relied on the transmission of knowledge within extended families or clans.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue the need for coherent, holistic frameworks offering insightful understandings as well as viable, connected and synergistic solutions to schools in addressing pressing problems arising from the acknowledged gaps between research, practice and professional development.
Abstract: This paper argues the need for coherent, holistic frameworks offering insightful understandings as well as viable, connected and synergistic solutions to schools in addressing pressing problems arising from the acknowledged gaps between research, practice and professional development. There is a need to conceptualise a comprehensive conceptual framework that rationalises, constructs and connects salient professional development concepts and practices fit for purpose in twenty-first-century schools. Specifically, three themes conceptualise existing problems faced by schools and their possible solutions: first, bridging the research–policy–practice gap by mobilising knowledge more effectively through knowledge producers and consumers working collaboratively; second, valuing and integrating both tacit knowledge and academic coded knowledge; and third, raising the professionalism and reflectivity of teachers and leaders. However, a new organisational and human infrastructure is needed to enable these solution...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the limits of tacit knowledge placed on knowledge management approaches in construction are considered with the focus being upon broad knowledge management categories rather than the details of particular methods, and the distinction between knowing how and knowing that coupled with examination of whether the main mode of knowing is tacit or explicit is used to analyse the relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge in construction.
Abstract: In construction, better practice has been sought through the employment of knowledge management. Interest in tacit knowledge has grown due to its importance for raising performance at all organizational levels. Aspects of the limits which tacit knowledge places on knowledge management approaches in construction are considered with the focus being upon broad knowledge management categories rather than the details of particular methods. The distinction between knowing how and knowing that coupled with examination of whether the main mode of knowing is tacit or explicit is used to analyse the relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge in construction. There are significant general theoretical difficulties with incorporating tacit knowledge into the objectivist knowledge management approaches which predominate in construction particularly since methods for converting tacit to explicit knowledge are problematic. Improving performance requires appreciating the limitations of objectivist and practice-base...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study found six main ways through which social media supports information encountering and concluded that information encountering on social media facilitates tacit knowledge creation and sharing among individuals.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how social media may support information encountering i.e. where individuals encounter useful and interesting information while seeking or browsing for some other information and how this may lead to the facilitation of tacit knowledge creation and sharing. The study employed a qualitative survey design that interviewed 24 physicians who were active users of social media to better understand the phenomenon of information encountering on social media. The data was analysed using the thematic analysis approach. The study found six main ways through which social media supports information encountering. Furthermore, drawing upon knowledge creation theories, the study concluded that information encountering on social media facilitates tacit knowledge creation and sharing among individuals. The study provides new directions for further empirical investigations to examine whether information encountering on social media actually leads to tacit knowledge creation and sharing. The findings of the study may also provide opportunities for users to adopt social media effectively or gain greater value from social media use.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical and empirical research effort to analyse the role of relationships in an SME's knowledge management processes is presented, focusing on the concept of absorptive capacity with a view to filling the theoretical gap.
Abstract: Studies on knowledge management have generated an awareness that it is fundamentally important for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to be able to exploit sources of knowledge outside the firm by means of external relationships, but this understanding has not been followed up by an adequate theoretical and empirical research effort to analyse the role of relationships in an SME’s knowledge management processes. The present contribution first sketches this gap on the grounds of the available literature reviews. Then it proposes a framework – focusing the concept of absorptive capacity – with a view to filling this theoretical gap. Finally, based on the proposed framework, two specific topics of considerable importance to SMEs are discussed: (i) how capabilities are developed in the start-up phase of a new venture; and (ii) knowledge processes in geographical clusters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that both combinatory knowledge and new knowledge are accessed through collaboration networks, but that inventors' abilities to access such knowledge depends on its location in the network.
Abstract: Research summary: Innovation requires inventors to have both new knowledge and the ability to combine and configure knowledge (i.e., combinatory knowledge), and such knowledge may flow through networks. We argue that both combinatory knowledge and new knowledge are accessed through collaboration networks, but that inventors' abilities to access such knowledge depends on its location in the network. Combinatory knowledge transfers from direct contacts, but not easily from indirect contacts. In contrast, new knowledge transfers from both direct and indirect contacts, but is far more likely to be new and useful when it comes from indirect contacts. Exploring knowledge flows in 69,476 patents and 89,930 unique inventors reveals evidence that combinatory knowledge from direct contacts and new knowledge from indirect contacts significantly affects innovative performance. Managerial summary: Inventors often combine ideas to create innovations. To do this, they need ideas to combine and they need the ability to combine those ideas. Inventors can get ideas to combine as well as the ability to combine ideas through prior co-workers. Prior co-workers can share ideas that may be relevant for the inventor's project and can tell the inventor about other things that other people are working on, especially people the inventor may not know. This can help inventors easily learn about ideas from friends-of-friends. The ability to combine ideas, however, is much harder to pass on. Prior co-workers must carefully work with the inventor to teach him or her the complex processes of combining ideas. This means that it is very hard to learn how to combine knowledge from a friend-of-a-friend, but it may be possible to learn from prior co-workers. We explore this phenomenon in the social relationships of software inventors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the critical factors affecting tacit-knowledge sharing and explore the interrelationships between these factors and explore how they influence tacit knowledge sharing within the integrated project team.
Abstract: Sharing tacit knowledge is of great importance for an integrated project team to achieve success. However, research on the factors affecting tacit-knowledge sharing within an integrated project team has been insufficient in the construction management field. This paper aims to identify the critical factors affecting tacit-knowledge sharing and explore the interrelationships between these factors. Based on a literature review, the authors first identify 31 factors of tacit-knowledge sharing within integrated project teams. Through a questionnaire and statistical test, this research next analyzes the factors that are significant to tacit-knowledge sharing within an integrated project team. Then, factors analysis was used to study the critical factors of tacit-knowledge sharing. Finally, the authors analyze the interrelations among the critical factors and explore how they influence tacit-knowledge sharing within the integrated project team. The findings in this research demonstrate the impacts of tr...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main objective of this paper is to assess the usefulness of a BIM-based social platform for knowledge management, in particular tacit knowledge, in the construction industry and a case study demonstrating the use of such a platform, called Green 2.0, has been presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper is the first to discuss knowledge management in relation to the seven quality management principles which assist the development of policy for quality management.
Abstract: Purpose International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001: 2015 quality management systems places an obligation on organizations to consider the role of organizational knowledge as a resource. The purpose of this paper is to systematically relate the key fundamentals of knowledge management to the seven quality management principles of ISO 9001: 2015. It is the first to consider this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The paper traces the history of quality standards and the background to the inclusion of an organizational knowledge clause in ISO 9001: 2015. It then systematically considers the seven quality management principles in relation to knowledge management principles. Findings The core elements of the knowledge management standard are incorporated with the organizational knowledge clause. Explicit and tacit knowledge are addressed by the ISO standard. Knowledge and its management will become increasingly important in organizations driven by ISO certification requirements. Research limitations/implications ISO 9001: 2015 was released in September 2015 which means that organizations have yet to apply the organizational knowledge clause. This paper is a conceptual one which needs to be complemented with empirical research. Practical implications This paper identifies the role of knowledge management principles as they apply to ISO 9001: 2015 and the seven quality management principles. More than 1.1 million organizations are certified to ISO 9001, plus many others who use the standard informally. Those involved with organizational quality will need to understand the role of knowledge in the organization. Social implications Quality services and products need to be underpinned with strategic knowledge management. Originality/value This paper is the first to discuss knowledge management in relation to the seven quality management principles which assist the development of policy for quality management.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the combination of mechanisms used by firms in Andalusia, a peripheral region in Spain and Europe, when interacting with universities was explored using information from a survey of 737 innovative firms, finding that firms interact with universities through a variety of channels, ranging from collaborative research projects, patents, spin-off creation, consultancy and specialized training, to informal relationships.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the knowledge leveraging process is developed, which hypothesizes joint sensemaking is a key antecedent to both explicit and tacit knowledge exchange, a dual role for explicit knowledge exchange (i.e. as an antecient of both tacit and implicit knowledge exchange) and absorptive capacity is key mediator between knowledge exchange and organizational innovativeness.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the process used by organizations to leverage external knowledge. A model of the knowledge leveraging process is developed, which hypothesizes joint sensemaking is a key antecedent to both explicit and tacit knowledge exchange, a dual role for explicit knowledge exchange (i.e. as an antecedent of both tacit knowledge exchange and absorptive capacity) and absorptive capacity is a key mediator between knowledge exchange (both explicit and tacit) and organizational innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach – The hypothesized model is tested using survey data gathered from over 230 Chinese companies. The results from the analysis of the hypothesized model are compared to ones from a theory-based rival model. The analyses are performed using partial least squares analysis. Findings – The results suggest key roles for both joint sensemaking and absorptive capacity in the knowledge exchange process. In addition, our findings provide ev...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The resulting triangular model of culture, leadership, and systems is proposed as an organizational design that facilitates adaptability, agility, and resilience in a rapidly changing environment.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesize ten years of case studies and data analysis from which emerged an organizational design that facilitates adaptability, agility, and resilience. The resulting triangular model of culture, leadership, and systems is proposed. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of over 100 case studies over ten years along with statistical analysis of survey data from 50 of those companies resulted in the emergence the triangular model and provides quantitative support for validity. Findings – People drive a complex and dynamic system with culture, leadership, and systems as key factors driving organizational success in a rapidly changing environment. The critical factor in adapting to change is designing organizations to maximize the vast tacit knowledge base within organizations. Diagnostic tools are necessary to identify underlying strengths and weaknesses to initiate targeted discussions and provide a baseline for measurement. Research limitations/implications – Al...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that participatory processes that include tacit knowledge and representative citizen participation might augment public planning projects that hope for both big data collection and democratic approaches to urban planning.
Abstract: In this article, the authors confront challenges faced in public planning projects when the desire to implement participatory design is complicated by the need for mass quantities of data. Using one case of participatory design in urban planning, they suggest that planners struggled to effectively employ participatory design methodology because they neglected to collect the tacit knowledge generated through their participatory processes. Coupling participatory design with a listening rhetoric, they suggest that participatory processes that include tacit knowledge and representative citizen participation might augment public planning projects that hope for both big data collection and democratic approaches to urban planning.