Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

About: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1115 publications have been published within this topic receiving 45937 citations. The topic is also known as: HPAP & SPENCDI.

Temporal and spatial expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor -κB ligand during mandibular distraction in rats

Abstract: Summary Purpose The expression profiles of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were investigated in the distraction region to reveal bone remodelling characters during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Material and Methods Osteotomies were performed and external distractors were used on the mandibles of 42 adult male SD rats. After a 5-day latency period, the distractors were activated at a rate of 0.4 mm/day for 6 days, followed by a 4-week consolidation period. Radiographs were taken, and specimens were harvested at the end of the latency period, when distraction was completed, and at the end of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the consolidation period. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to detect activated osteoclasts. Temporospatial expression of osteoprotegerin and RANKL was investigated by using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Semi-quantitative analysis was used to characterize osteoprotegerin (OPG). RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratio. Results In all time points, osteoprotegerin and RANKL were co-localized in bone marrow lining cells, osteoblasts and newly embedded osteocytes. Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression increased to a peak when distraction was completed and maintained this level until the end of week 2 of the consolidation period. RANKL mRNA expression increased steadily until the end of week 1 of the consolidation period and maintained a peak level until the end of week 3, with a slight decrease at the end of week 2. The RANKL/OPG ratio increased continuously and reached its highest level at the end of weeks 3 and 4 of the consolidation period. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining positive osteoclasts were mainly detected at weeks 2, 3 and 4 of the consolidation period in bone marrow cavities and bone surfaces. Conclusions The temporospatial expression patterns of osteoprotegerin and RANKL suggest that the osteoblast lineage cell network orchestrates bone remodelling during distraction osteogenesis and most activated bone resorption takes place during weeks 3 and 4 of the consolidation phase.

Osteoclast formation in mouse co-cultures

Abstract: The murine co-culture assay is used to generate mature osteoclasts from bone marrow precursors by culturing them with osteoblasts that are stimulated with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D(3) and prostaglandin E(2). This assay is used particularly to analyse osteoblast-osteoclast interactions and to determine the cell type affected in knock-out or transgenic mice. This chapter describes also the isolation of bone marrow cells from mice and the methods to purify and replate mature osteoclasts.

Serum concentrations of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, and serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone in parathyroid hyperfunction.

Abstract: De la Piedra C, Diaz Martin M A, Diaz Diego E M, Lopez Gavilanes E, Gonzalez Parra E, Caramelo C, Rapado A. Serum concentrations of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, and serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone in parathyroid hyperfunction. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 54: 11-15.We have studied the levels of a new biochemical marker of bone resorption, carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), in 26 healthy control subjects, 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 17 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (secondary HPT). Levels of ICTP in PHPT and secondary HPT have been correlated with those of serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), another biochemical marker of bone turnover, and with serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). The ICTP levels of the control group were 2.07 ± 0.58 μgl−1 n = 26, range 1.3-3.2. They were independent of sex and age in the studied...

The association of distinct acid phosphatases with the flagella pocket and surface membrane fractions obtained from bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Abstract: Cell fractionation of bloodstream Trypanosoma rhodesiense, using isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation, reveals acid phosphatase activities against a range of substrates to be associated, to varying degrees, with subcellular particle populations identified as derived from flagella pocket membrane and surface membrane. Using these same substrates (α and β glycerophosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate) at least two distinct acid phosphatase activities can be distinguished. One is thermolabile (∼ 80% inactivated after 30 min. at 60°C), sensitive to tartrate (50% inhibited at 1.8 mM Na tartrate) with a pH optimum ∼4.5 and appears to exhibit little substrate preference. The other acid phosphatase is relatively heat stable (∼30% inactivated), insensitive to tartrate (> 5.0% inhibited using 1.8 mM Na tartrate) exhibits a somewhat higher pH optimum (∼ 6.0) and is more substrate specific (6 × more active toward glucose-6-PO4 than β-glycerophosphate). Further cell fractionation experiments reveal 85% of the tartrate sensitive acid phosphatase to be associated with flagella pocket membrane and to account for 80% of the organisms hydrolytic activity toward β-glycerophosphate. The tartrate resistant acid phosphatase however, has a much less exclusive localization being almost equally distributed between surface membrane (40%) and flagella pocket membrane (60%).